Term
| Where do you find skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do you find cardiac muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where do you find smooth muscle? |
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Definition
| walls of most viscera, blood vessels, skin |
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Term
| What type of control is skeletal muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of control is cardiac muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of control is smooth muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is skeletal muscle striated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is cardiac muscle striated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is smooth muscle striated? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the network of fascia in the body, using the terms epimysium, perimysium, and endomysium. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thin and light filaments; a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| enables cross bridges to form between actin and myosin so the sliding filament action can begin |
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Term
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Definition
| an additional protein that works with tropmyosin to regulate contraction in skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| additional protein that works with troponin to regulate contraction in skeletal muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| dark and thick filaments; a protein |
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Term
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Definition
| myosin heads bind to actin to form this |
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Term
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Definition
| single motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls; |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which a nerve fiber contracts or contacts a muscle cell |
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Term
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Definition
| the specific neurotransmitter chemical released from the neuron to stimulate the muscle fibers; abbreviated ACh |
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Term
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Definition
| degrades acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft, preventing continued contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| reddish brown colored pigment; compound that stores oxygen in muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
| junction between two neurons or between a neuron and an effector |
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Term
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Definition
| region of a muscle cell membrane that receives nervous stimulation |
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Term
| Compare and contrast aponeuroses and tendons. |
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Definition
| An aponuerose is a broad sheet of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone or to other muscle. A tendon, however, is a cord of fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to a bone; |
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Term
| Explain the relationship between calcium, troponin, and tropomyosin. |
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Definition
| The calcium shifts the troponin and tropomyosin so that binding sites on the actin are exposed |
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Term
| What is released from the cisterns of the sarcoplasmic reticulum when a muscle cell is stimulated to contract? |
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Definition
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Term
| Active muscles generate heat. Explain. |
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Definition
| The more active a muscle, the more heat produced. About half of the energy produced in cell respiration is lost as heat. The blood transports heat throughout the body. |
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Term
| List five benefits of exercise. |
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Definition
1. Improved balance; joint flexibility
2. increased muscle size
3. Improved muscle tissue
4. Vasodilation
5. strengthened heart muscle |
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Term
| Compare isotonic contractions with isometric contractions. How do they differ? |
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Definition
| In isotonic contractions, the muscle fiber contracts and changes length. In an isometric contraction, the muscle contracts, but does not change length. |
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Term
| List two types of isotonic contractions and describe them. |
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Definition
eccentric - lengthening contraction
concentric - shortening contraction |
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Term
| Describe the relationship between the origin and insertion. |
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Definition
| When muscle's contract the moveable bone, the muscles insertion moves toward the immovable bone, the muscle's origin. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| also called "agonist"; primarily responsible for movement |
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Term
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Definition
| resist prime mover's action and cause movement in the opposite direction |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| List three main components of a lever. |
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Definition
1. lever/rigid bar (bones)
2. fulcrum - point on which bar moves (joint)
3. object - moved against resistance; (weight)
4. force - supplies energy for movement; (muscles) |
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Term
| List three common effects of aging on skeletal muscle. |
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Definition
1. Gradual loss of muscle cells
2. loss of power
3. tendency to flex hips and knees
4. decrease in height |
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Term
| What is muscle atrophy? List two possible causes. |
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Definition
| It is the wasting or decrease in the size of a muscle when it cannot be used. Two possible causes are 1. extremity is placed in a cast after fracture or 2 person is beridden for a long period of time |
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Term
| Compare muscle cramps and spasms. |
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Definition
| A spasm is a sudden and involuntary muscle contraction, which is always painful. Cramps are strong, painful muscle contractions. |
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Term
| How are strains and sprains different? |
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Definition
| Strains are common muscle injuries caused by overuse or overstretching. Sprains are more sever then strains, and involve tearing of the ligaments around a joint. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| group of disorders in which there is deterioration of muscles that still have intact nerve function. |
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Term
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Definition
| widespread muscle aches, tenderness, stifness, fatigue; no known cause |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic muscular fatigue brought on by the slightest exertion; drooping of lids is common; caused by defect in impulse transmission of the NMJ |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of a bursa, the fluid filled sac between tissues and bones to minimize friction |
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Term
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Definition
| enlargements commonly found at the base and medial side of the great toe |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of muscle tendons and their attachments; occurs most often in athletes |
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Term
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Definition
| pain and soreness along the tibia from stress injury of structures in the leg |
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Term
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Definition
| tendons of the flexor muscles of the fingers and nerves supplying hands and fingers; numbness and weakness of the hand caused by pressure on the median nerve |
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Term
| How is acetylcholine released from a motor neuron ending into a synapse? What does it do when it binds to the motor end plate? |
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Definition
| A nerve impulse causes the release of ACh and it generates a muscle impulse. |
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Term
| What happens to the calcium in the sarcoplasm when the nerve impulse ceases? |
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Definition
| Calcium is pumped back into the SR (Sarcoplasmic Reticulum) |
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