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Definition
| the long, narrow shaft of long bones |
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| the end of a long bone that is closer to the core of the body |
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Definition
| the end of a long bone that is farther from the core of the body |
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Definition
| smooth layer of hyaline cartilage that protects bone surfaces in freely moveable bones |
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| space containing red marrow |
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Definition
| spongy bone at the ends of long bones and at the center of other bones |
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Definition
| found chiefly in central cavities of the long bones; composed largely of fat; in the medullary cavity |
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| also known at cancellous bone' has more spaces than compact bone; made of a meshwork of small, bony plates filled with red marrow; found in ends of long bones and lines medullary cavity |
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Definition
| hard and dense bone; makes up the main shaft of long bones and outer layer of other bones; cells form in rings of bone tissue around central canal |
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Definition
| also known as growth plates; secondary bone-forming centers, develop across the ends of bones; they cause growth lines |
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Definition
| cover the outside of the bone, except at the joint region; contain osteoblasts that aid in healing and formation of bone |
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Definition
| lines the bone's marrow cavity; thinner; also contains cells that aid in growth and repair |
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| at the center of the diaphysis; contains bone marrow |
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Definition
| one side of the bone is broken and the other is bent; most common in children |
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Term
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Definition
| the broken ends of the bone are jammed into eachother |
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Definition
| there is more than one fracture line and the bone is splintered or crushed |
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Definition
| the bone has been twisted apart; relatively common in skiing accidents |
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Term
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Definition
| the fracture goes straight across the bone |
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Term
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Definition
| the break occurs at an angle across the bone |
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Definition
| a broken bone protrudes through the skin or an external wound leads to a broken bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a simple bone fracture with no open wound |
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| Which type of break is most serious? Why? |
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Definition
| open, because it makes for a greater risk of infection |
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Term
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Definition
| loss of bone mass due to imbalance in bone remodeling. Bone appears porous. |
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Definition
| softening of the bone due to lack of vitamin D or vitamin D metabolism. |
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Definition
| bone tumor; usually forms during adolescence |
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| Inflammation of the bone caused by pyogenic bacteria (infection) |
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Definition
| hunchback; exaggeration of the thoracic curve |
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Definition
| swayback; excessive lumbar curve |
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Definition
| lateral curvature of the vertebral column |
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Definition
| formed from transformed cartilage cells associated with bone (cartilage tumor) |
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Definition
| failure of the arch of the foot to form correctly |
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Definition
| incomplete fusion of hard palate; a congenital deformity in which there is an opening in the roof of the mouth; because of faulty maxillary bones |
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Term
| List four of the major functions of bone |
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Definition
Act as a framework for the body
protect delicate structures
works as levers to produce movement
store calcium
produce blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a band of connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone |
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Definition
| bands of fibrous connective tissue that hold together the bones in freely movable joints |
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Definition
| mature bone cells surrounded by bony matrix |
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Definition
| deposit bone; builds bones |
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Term
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Definition
| reabsorb bone tissues; multinucleated |
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Definition
| each ringlike unit with it's central canal (haversian system) |
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Definition
| conversion of cartilage to bone |
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Definition
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Definition
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| procedure to repair/replace a dysfunctional joint surface |
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Definition
| bone formation that's incomplete, leaving membranous soft spots; on a baby's head |
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Definition
| a cavity or hollow space; most commonly air filled region in the skull |
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Definition
| 80 bones of the head and trunk |
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Definition
| 126 bones of the extremities |
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| When blood calcium rises, the ________ gland relases ________ (hormone) which stimulates __________ (cells) to __________ bone. |
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Definition
| thyroid, calcetonin, osteoblasts, deposit |
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Term
| When blood calcium decreases, the _________ gland releases __________ (hormone) which stimulates ___________ (cells) to ___________ bone. |
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Definition
| parathyroid, parathyroid hormone, osteoclasts, reabsorb |
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Term
| Explain in your own words how blood calcium is maintained; Why is calcium so important? |
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Definition
| When the calcium increases or decreases, the proper gland (either thyroid or parathyroid) secretes the correct hormone (calcetonin or parathyroid hormone). This hormone will then activate the proper type of cell (osteoblasts or osteoclasts) to either deposit or reabsorb the bone. The calcium amount will balance out and the cycle will continue. It's important because calcium is required for so many normal body functions. |
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Term
| What occurs at the epiphyseal plates? Explain. Why is it a concern if a bone is broken in that area? What is a term commonly used to describe these regions? |
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Definition
| Bone forms at these plates; The bone continues to grow in length at these centers by calcificaion of new cartilage; Eventually, each plate hardens, and leaves a line that can be seen on an xray. It's a concern if it breaks there because it can cause improper growth of the bone; Another name is growth plates |
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| List three means by which a person can try to maintain bone health. |
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Definition
| Exercise, nutrition and calcium, vitamins, cut out harmful substances |
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Term
| What is meant by "bone remodeling"? |
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Definition
| The bones in a normal healthy adult are continually renewing and remodeling themselves, allowing them to stay strong. |
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Term
| Why is it unlikely that a newborn would break a bone? |
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Definition
| The bone in a baby's body isn't completely formed. It's still cartilagenous and relatively flexible, which makes it very difficult to break. |
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