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Definition
| Anything that Occupies Space and has a Mass |
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Definition
| The Smallest Unit of Matter |
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Term
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Definition
| Particles of Matter that are composed of One or More Atoms |
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| What Microscopes are used to Observe Atoms |
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Definition
1. Tunneling Microscope
2. Atomic Force Microscope |
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Term
| State the Subatomic Particles (*Hint the are 3) |
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Definition
1. Protons
2. Electrons
3. Neutrons |
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Definition
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| The Combined Number of Protons and Neutrons |
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Definition
| The Limits and Levels that Electrons Dart around an Atoms Nucleus |
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Definition
| Different Leveled Orbitals; The Further the Levels are from the Nucleus, The Higher its Energy Level |
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Definition
| An atom with Same Atomic number (To its original Element), but different Atomic Masses; Emits radiation (protons, neutrons, electrons and even altered versions of the particules) due to unstable nuclei |
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Definition
| Positron Emission Tomography scan uses Radioactive Isotopes to Study the Brain |
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Definition
| Substances whose Molecules have more then a single Element in them |
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Definition
| Pure substances made from one or more atoms |
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| State the 4 Major Elements used in the Human Body |
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Definition
1. Oxygen
2. Nitrogen
3. Carbon
4. Hydrogen |
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Definition
| Bond that forms between an atom that has only one or two electrons in their outermost shell and an atom that needs one or two electrons to fill its outermost shell. |
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Definition
| Ionic Compounds Dissolve thus Forcing them apart and creating, Disassociated Free Ions |
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Definition
| Compounds that form ions when dissolved in water |
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Definition
| Atoms fill their Energy Levels by Sharing Electrons |
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Definition
| A weak attraction between two Hydrogen atoms, that helps hold body substances together |
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Definition
| Compounds composed of molecules that contain Carbon to Carbon (C-C) Covalent bonds, Carbon to Hydrogen Covalent bonds or both. |
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Definition
| Compounds that do not consist of molecules that contain Carbon to Carbon (C-C) Covalent bonds, Carbon to Hydrogen Covalent bonds or both. |
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Definition
| Substance in which other substances Dissolve into |
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Definition
| Substance which dissolves in Solvents |
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Definition
| When water is the Solvent for a mixture (Mixtures: Are a blend of two or more kind of molecules) |
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Definition
| An aqueous solution containing common salt (NaCl) and other molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| Interactions among molecules in which atoms regroup into new combinations |
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Term
| Dehydration Synthesis (*Hint: There are 2 steps) |
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Definition
1. Dehydration: Removing water
2. Synthese: Reactants combine to form a Larger Produt |
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Definition
| Any substance Entering and Being Changed by a Chemical Reaction |
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Definition
| Any subsstance formed as a result of a Chemical Reaction |
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Term
| Hydrolysis (*Hint: There are 2 Steps) |
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Definition
1. Hydro: Water
2. -lysis: Breakdown; Dissolve
The bonds of a Larger Molecule is Disrupted by Water, causing them to be Broken down. |
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Term
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Definition
| Adenosine Triphosphate: A Molecule created and utilized for its Chemical Bonds, that are later broken down to yield the Potential Energy contained in them, and processed during its creation. |
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Definition
| Any substance that when Dissolved in water, contributes to an excess of H+ ions |
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Term
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Definition
| A Chemical that when dissolved in water, decreases the relative H+ Concentration in the solution by producing an excess of OH- Ions |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Chemicals in the Blood that help maintain the pH level, ultimately helping in homeostasis |
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| State the Major Organic Molecules in the Body (*Hint: There are 4) |
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Definition
1. Carbohydrates
2. Lipids
3. Proteins
4. Nucleic Acids |
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Term
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Definition
Carbo- : Carbon
Hydra- : Water |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Large, Complex Molecules formed by one or more strands of Amino Acids |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic unit of Carbohydrates: Monosaccharide (Glucose "dextrose" is an important Monosaccharide, being the primary source of energy for cells. |
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Term
| Disaccharides and Polysaccharides |
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Definition
| Disaccharides and Polysaccharides are mainly used as Storage for energy and later broken down into Monosacchardides for energy. (*Note their energy is contained in the bonds of the Molecules) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lipid Molecules Formed by 1 glycerol Molecule and 3 Fatty Acid Molecules; Used in energy storage; Bonds are broken to yield energy |
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Term
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Definition
| Composed of a Phosphorus head that attracts Water, and Two Fatty Acid Tails that Repel Water; This allows it to create a Stable Structural Bilayer for the Cell Membranes |
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Definition
| A Steroid Lipid that stablizes the Bilayer of the Cell Membrane; Helps to create steroids, such as, Estrogen, Testosterone and Cortisone |
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Definition
| Basic Units of Proteins that contain All 4 Main Elements of the Body (Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Covalent Bond Linking Amino Acids within a Protein Molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that has the Role of building structures in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Protein that has the Role of regulating chemical reactions in the Body |
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Term
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Definition
| Cholesterol or a type of Lipid that has attached to a protein in the Blood Stream |
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Term
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Definition
| Low Density Lipoprotein, More Lipid less Protein; High Blood Levels of this Low Density Lipoprotein is associated with a high risk of Atherosclerosis (A Life-Threatning Blockage of the Arteries) |
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Term
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Definition
| High Density Lipoprotein, More Protein less Lipid; High Blood Levels of the High Density Lipoprotein is associated with Low Risks of Artherosclerosis. |
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Term
| Primary (Protein Structure Level) |
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Definition
| Protein structure is a sequence of amino acids in a chain |
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Term
| Secondary (Protein Structure Level) |
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Definition
| Protein structure is formed by folding and twisting of amino acid chains |
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Term
| Tertiary (Protein Structure Level) |
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Definition
| Protein structure is formed when the twists and folds of the secondary structure fold again to form a larger 3-dimensional structure |
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Term
| Quaternary (Protein Structure Level) |
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Definition
| Protein structure is a protein consisting of more than one folded amino acid chain. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical Catalysts; functional proteins whose molecular shape and ability to alter shape allow them to catalyze chemical reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| Each Enzyme Shape has a shape that "fits" the specific substrate molecules it works on |
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Term
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Definition
They are the Templates of Code, and are compsoed of two types:
1. DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)
2. RNA (Ribonucleic adic) |
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Term
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Definition
| Basic building block of Nucleic Acids, consisting of a phosphate unit, sugar (ribose; deoxyribose), and a nitrogen base. |
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Term
| State the Nucleotide Bases (*Hint: There are 5) |
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Definition
1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Thymine
4. Cytosine
5. Uracil (Exception to RNA) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nucleotides are arragned in a twisted, double strand called a double helix |
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Term
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Definition
| A Temporary working copy of a portion of the DNA code |
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