enlarged monocyte that eats foreign material

a "big-eater"

gland of the female breast that secretes milk

anything that occupies space

may occur as solid, liquid, or gas

receptor that is stimulated by bending, pressing, or pushing

space between the lungs that containsthe heart, trachea, thymus gland, esophagus, & large blood vessels

part of the brain stem that controls vital functions such as respiratory & cardiovascular function

type of cell division used by the sex cells to reduce the # of chromosomes in each from 46 to 23

pigment that is responsible for the color of the skin & hair

melanin-producing cell

membranes that cover the brain & spinal cord & include the dura mater, arachnoid mater, & pia mater

normal developmental stage in women that marks the end of the ovarian & uterine cycles

menstruation

the monthly discharge of blood from the uterus

a condition in which pH decreases below 7.35

the cause is nonrespiratory

a condition in which pH increases above 7.45

the cause is nonrespiratory

all the chemical reactions that occur within the cells

consists of anabolism & catabolism

urination

an oxytocin-mediated reflex that results in the release of milk from the breast in response to suckling

inorganic substance such as sodium or potassium

organelles that produce most of the ATP

the "powerplants" of the cell

type of cell division that produces 2 identical daughter cells, each containing 46 chromosomes

bicuspid valve

nerve that contains both sensory & motor fibers

combination of 2 two or more substances that can be separated by ordinary physical means

chemical combination of 2 or more atoms

agranular phagocytic leukocyte that can become a macrophage

a simple sugar consisting of hexoses (glucose, fructose, galactose) or pentoses (ribose, deoxyibose)

structure of the body

collection of motor neurons that carries information away from the central nervous system (CNS)

type of membrane that lines the cavities & tubes that open to the exterior of the body

cholinergic receptor that is activated by acetylcholine

located primarily on the target organs of the parasympathetic nerves

type of tissue that contains the contractile proteins, actin & myosin

3 types of muscles are: smooth, skeletal, & cardiac

white, fatty material that covers some nerve fibers

heart muscle

muscle layer of the uterus that contracts & causes the dilivery of the infant

muscle protein that interacts with actin to cause muscle contraction

also called the thick filament

immunity that is acquired through natural means, such as getting a disease or receiving antibodies from your mother

a mechanism that is activated by an imbalance

activation of the mechanism then corrects the imbalance

structural & functional unit of the kidney that make urine

bundle of nerve fibers & blood vessels

action potential that occurs in neurons

group of neurons that share a common function within the central nervous system (CNS)

may be assending (sensory) or descending (motor)

a type of tissue that includes neurons & neuroglia

nerve cells that support, protect, & nurish the neurons

the posterior pituitary gland

secrets oxytocin & antidiuretic hormone

junction or space that occurs between a motor neuron & a muscle fiber

nerve cell that conducts the action potential (nerve impulse)

chemical made within the axon terminal that is responsible for transmission of the signal across the synapse or junction

granular, motile, & highly phagocytic leukocyte

a type of cholinergic receptor that is activated by a acetylcholine

located in the autonomic ganglia & within the neuromuscular junction

pain receptor

a neutotransmitter secreted by the adrenergic fibers of the sympatetic nervous system

activates adrenergic receptors

a population of microoganisms that normally inhabit an area such as the skin, intestines, or vagina

hospital-acquired infection

nucleus

nuclei (plural)

large organelle separated from the cytoplasm by a neuclear membrane

stores the DNA in chromosomes & acts as the control center of the cell

cerebral lobe located in the back of the head

concerned primarily with vision

chemoreceptor associated with the sense of smell

scanty urine formation

the part of the osmotic pressure of the blood that is due to the plasma proteins

site for the crossing of the medial fibers of the optic nerve to the opposite side of the brain

located in front of the pituitary gland

group of tissues that performs a specialized function, such as the lungs

part of the cell that performs a specialized function, such as the energy-producing mitochondrion

carbon-containing substance

hearing receptors (mechanoreceptors) located in the inner ear

part of the muscle that is attached to the more immovable structure

movement of water across a membrane from an area where there is more water to an area where there is less water

bone tissue

tiny bones found in the middle ear

bone-building cell

cell that cause the breakdown of bone

amount of fluid that is eliminated from the body

ovarian structure that releases an egg at maturation

graafian follicle

discharge of the mature ovum from the graafian follicle

hemoglobin that contains oxygen

nociceptor

free nerve endings that sense pain

organ that has both endocrine & exocrine functions

The islets of Langerhans secrete the hormones insulin & glucagon.

The exocrine glands secrete the most important of the digestive enzymes.

an organism that requires another living organism for its growth & survival

division of the autonomic nervous system that is concerned with "feeding & breeding"

gland that secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) & helps regulate calcium balance

lobe of the cerebrum that is concerned primarily with somatosensory function

pressure exerted by one gas in a gas mixture

short-acting immunity achieved when the person is given antibodies made by another animal

transport process that requires no additional energy in the form of ATP

disease-causing organism

portion of the skeleton that supports & attaches to the upper extremities

bond formed between 2 amino acids

slinglike serous membrane that partialy encloses the heart

supports the weight of the heart

pelvic floor

extends from the anus to the vulva in the female & from the anus to the scrotum in the male

fibrous connective tissue that covers the surface of a long bone

nerves & ganglia that lie outside the central nervous system

rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that propels a substance forward

"this" in the digestive tract moves food from the esophagus toward the anus

serous membrane located in the abdominal cavity

there is a parietalperitoneum & a visceral peritoneum

a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration

eating of pathogens or cellular debris

the throat

receptor stimulated by light

includes the rods & cones of the retina

study of the funtioning of the body

small gland located in the brain

secretes melatonin & is involved in regulating biorhythms

a gland & site of exchange of nutrients, oxygen, & waste between mom & baby-to-be

the yellow liquid portion of blood

a fragment of a megakaryocyte that functions in hemostasis

also called thrombocyte

the degree of ventricular myocardial stretch

end diastolic volume

serous membrane located in the thoracic cavity

there is a visceral "one" & a parietal "one"

network of nerves such as the cervical plexus

carbohydrate made of more than 2 simple sugars, such as glycogen

area of the anterior chest that overlies the heart

a neuron that transmits action potentials from the central nervous system to a ganglion

a neuron that transmits action potentials from a ganglion to a distal target organ

the muscle that is most responsible for a particular movement

hormone secreted by the corpus luteum of the ovary

it stimulates the growth of the endometrium & helps maintain the pregnancy

process by which the brain causes a sensation to be felt at the point of stimulation

senseation of movement & position of the body

group of compounds that are made from fatty acids in cell membranes

they exert powerful hormonelike effects

gland that surrounds the upper portion of the urethra in the male & contributes to the formation of semen

enzyme that digests protein

large, nitrogen-containing molecule that is composed of many amino acids

single-cell, animal-like microbe, classified as amebas, ciliates, flagellates, & sporozoa

path of blood through vessels that take unoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs & oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium

abnormal collection of fluid in the lungs causing difficulty in oxygenation of hemoglobin

vibration of the arteries caused by rhythmic expansion & recoil of the large arteries following contraction of the ventricles

fast-conducting fibers located in the ventricular walls

conduct the electrical impulses from the Bundle of His to the ventricular myocardium

major motor tract that descends from the precentral gyrus of the frontal lobe to the spinal cord

also called the corticospinal tract

loss of heat as it leaves a warm object, such as the body, to the surrounding air

sensory structure that responds to specific stimuli such as light, chemicals, or touch

gene whose trait is not expressed

enlistment of additional muscle fibers to increase the force of muscle contration

red blood cell

RBC

blood cell that contains mostly hemoglobin

an erythrocyte

pain that feels that it originates in an area other than the part being stimulated

automatic response (nervous or chemical) to a stimulus

a nerve pathway that includes a receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, & effector organ

bending of light waves so that they can focus on the retina

period during which nervous tissue cannot respond to a second stimulus

tubular part of the nephron unit that helps make & transport urine

consists of Bowman's capsule, proximal conviluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, & collecting duct

enzyme secreted by the kidneys that causes the activation of angiotensinogen

return of the membrane potential to its resting state after the nerve impulse

blood vessel that can change its diameter & therefore determine resistance to the flow of blood

the functional name for the arterioles

increased H⁺ concentration (decreased pH) caused by hyperventilation

decreased H⁺ concentration (increased pH) caused by hypoventilation

complex network of nerve fibers that arises within the brain stem & projects into the lower cerebrum

causes arousal of the cerebrum so that the person does not slip into a coma

immature red blood cell

nervous inner layer of the eye

contains the photoreceptor, the rods, & cones

type of antigen on the surface of the RBC

ribonucleic acid

RNA

nucleotide that copies or trascribes the genetic code from DNA

also involved in translation

organelles that are concerned with the synthesis of protein

"they" either are bound to endoplasmic reticulum or are free in cytoplasm

type of small bacteria that must reproduce in a living organism