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Definition
1. Priming. PO4 primes glucose using 2 ATP
2. Splitting. 6CG is split into 2 3C sugars.
3. Ox-Red phosphorylation. The 3C sugars give an H to NAD, and is converted to pyruvate. If no oxygen present...it's conveted to lactate. |
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| ATP enzyme...either makes or breaks down ATP |
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| Isomer enzymes...converts aldose sugars (CHO) into ketose sugars (O double bond) |
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| An Intramolecular transfer of a group enzyme...moves something in the molecule from one place to another |
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| enzyme that removes CO or CO2 |
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| Glycolysis: Priming Stage in detail |
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Definition
1. Phosphorylates glucose to G6P to keep it in the cell (catalyzed by hexokinase!). Uses 1 ATP. (after a meal, if too much glucose, then glucokinase enzyme in liver takes the glucose out of blood to make glycogen)
2 Isomerase rxn. G6P to fructose6P (ketose version)
3.2nd phosporylation. Uses another ATP. Rate limiting enzyme: phosphofructokinase! |
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| Glycolysis- Splitting stage in detail |
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Definition
| 4. Fructose-1,6,P -->two 3C sugars (gly-3-p) |
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| Glycolysis- Ox-Red Phosphorylation stage in detail |
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Definition
6.Gly-3-P --> 1,3 BPG (NAD takes an H and an inorganic P is added)
7.1,3-BPG-->3-Phosphoglycerate (ADP takes a P and makes an ATP!)
8. Mutase RXN... rearrangement of P from 3 to 2 position, 3-PGlyc-->2-PGlyc
9. Dehydration RXN. 2-PGlyc--> PEP
10. PEP--> Pyruvate (last P is used to make ATP) When enough ATP...pyruvate kinase limits the reaction!)
IF OXYGEN IS PRESENT...GOES TO CITRIC ACID CYCLE. IF NOT...NADH GIVES THE PYRUVATE AN H TO BECOME LACTATE!!! |
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| Glycolysis- Aerobic conditions |
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Definition
1. Set of H's are generated and go to mitochondria via two shuttles
2. Shuttle 1: Malate-aspartate ~ brings H's to beginning of ETS and makes 5 ATPs (2.5 from each H)
3. Shuttle 2: Glycerol-PO4. Brings H's to middle of ETS, each H makes 1.5 atps, total: 3ATPS |
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ATP Production for 1 glucose:
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Definition
Mal-Asp shuttle:
Glycolysis: 7
Pyruvate deHase: 5
Citric Acid Cycle: 20 (7.5 from NADH, 1.5 from FADH, and 1 from ADP + P)
Total: 32!
Gly-PO4 shuttle:
Glycolysis: 5
Pyruvate deHase: 5
Citric Acid Cycle: 20
Total: 30!!
Anaerobic only: 2!!! |
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