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| INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM Functions |
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Definition
1. protection
2. temperature regulation |
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| Structure of Integumentary System |
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Definition
1. composed of an epidermis and dermis
2. made up of epithelial cells |
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| on the covering, has several sublayers |
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1. Stratum Corneum
2. Stratum Basale |
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| has pigment cells that produce MELANIN. Cells continuously divide and are pushed outward as other cells replace them |
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| DERMIS is composed of ________ ________ _______ that is made up of mostly _________. |
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Definition
| dense connective tissue, COLLAGEN |
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| gives strength and flexibility |
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| Sweat glands, hair follicles, and oil glands are found where? |
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| SEBUM, a mixture of fats, waxes, and hydrocarbons |
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| blood vessels, sensory receptors are also found where? |
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| Sensory Receptors include |
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| Negates or make less the initial stimulus (or reverses) |
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enhance or increase the internal stimulus.
ex. labor contractions
blood clotting |
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| Most feedback loops are.... |
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Definition
trying to consciously control some feedback loops
ex. BP
HR |
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Term
| Functions of the Skeleton |
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Definition
1. supports the body
2. protects the soft parts
3. produces new blood cells
4. stores minerals and fat
5. ermits flexible movement at your joints
6. provides a place of attachment for muscles and a place for them to push against |
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Definition
1. red bone marrow
2. yellow bone marrow |
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| enable the bone cells in compact bone to receive 02 and nutrients |
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| bones are ___________ throughout life |
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| the way bones can get denser is.... |
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| bones can lose __________ or ______ _____. |
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| bones start out as _______ in the embryo then OSSIFY |
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1. Osteoprogenitor
2. Osteoblasts
3. Osteocytes
4. Osteoclasts |
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Definition
-unspecialized cells
-undergo mitosis
-turn into osteoblasts |
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Definition
-secrete collagen and other organic compounds needed to build bone
- DON'T undergo mitosis |
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Definition
-mature bone cells
-come from osteoblasts
-maintain bone tissue by way of osteons |
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-break down bone so calcium can be reabsorbed by the bloodstream
-needed for muscle contraction
-can be bad or good |
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| The skeleton is divided into 2 divisions |
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| located along the central axis of the body |
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| How many bones are in the axial skeleton? |
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Definition
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Definition
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| how many facial bones are there? |
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Definition
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| how many cranial bones are there? |
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Definition
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Definition
-U-shaped Bone
-located in throat
-does not articulate (meet) with any other bone
-supports the tongue
-crushed if someone is strangled |
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Definition
1.supports the body and bears its weight
2. encloses and protexts the spinal cord
3. serves as points of attachment for muscles and for the ribs
4. made up of individual vertebrae |
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Term
| Regions of the Vertebral Column |
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Definition
1. Cervical C1-C7
2. Thoracic T1-T12
3. Lumbar L1-L5
4. Sacral/Sacrum 4-5 vertebrae fused
5. Coccyx 3-5 fused |
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| small, light-weight and designed for flexibility |
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| adapted for rib attachments |
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| adapted for strength and stability, major weight-bearing portion |
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-Bony Thorax; protects the heart and lung
- supports the chest wall |
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Definition
1. Sternum
2. True Ribs
3. False Ribs |
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| True Ribs are attached to the sternum by.... |
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| False Ribs are attached _____ to the sternum or not at all |
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| not at all attached to the sternum |
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| Appendicular Skeleton (2) |
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| the structure that attaches the appendiges to the axial skeleton |
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Definition
-most frequently broken bone
-last bone to stop growing in young adults |
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| located on the back (shoulder blade) |
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Definition
-attaches the leg
-securely attached to the vertebral column |
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| Pelvic Girdle is made up of 2 _____ bones |
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Definition
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| Arms are made up of __ bones |
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Definition
3 bones:
1. wrist
2. hand
3. digits
-30 bones in all |
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| Legs are made up of __ bones |
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Definition
4 bones
1. ankle
2. foot
3. digits
4. patella
30 bones in all |
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- junctions between 2 bones
-holds bones together
-classified according to their type of movement |
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| Different types of joints |
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Definition
1. Immovable
2.Slightly Moveable
3. Freely Moveable |
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Definition
| bones are held together by tough fibrous tissue |
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| made up of fibrous cartilage |
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| joint is encased in a joint capsule made of connective tissue and lined with a synovial membrane |
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| Disease/Disorders of the Skeletal System (5) |
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Definition
1. Sprains
2. Bursitis
3. Tendonitis
4. Arthritis
5. Osteoporosis |
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Definition
| stretched or torn ligaments |
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Definition
| inflammation of the BURSA (cushiony sac in a joint) |
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| inflammation of the tendons |
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| bones becoming brittle or less dense |
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Definition
1. Smooth
2. Skeletal
3. Cardiac |
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| Organized bundles of fibers |
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Definition
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Definition
| contractile protein that is directly involved in contraction |
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Definition
| blocks a binding site for Myosin |
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Definition
| a contractile protein not directly involved in contracting |
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Definition
| basic unit of muscle contraction |
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| how does contraction happen? |
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Definition
| the actin and myosin filaments slide past each other and causes all the sacromeres to shorten which shorterns the whole fiber. |
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Term
| What is in need for muscle contraction? |
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Definition
1. calcium
2. atp
3. oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
1. anaerobic cell respiration
2. anaerobic
3. aerobic cell respiration |
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Definition
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Definition
| uses o2 to produce ATP, occurs in mitochondria |
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Definition
| consists of a motor nerve fiber |
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| different types of muscle fibers (2) |
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Definition
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motor units have less fibers,
aerobic |
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