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changes in roles and statuses that represent a distinct departure from prior roles and statuses. can include the entrance and exit of members of a group of family
examples: David Sanchez: going to the military, leaving grandmas for boarding school. Maria coming and Emma exiting. |
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unlike the discrete and bounded-ness of a transition, a trajectory involves long term patterns of stability and change in a person's life, and usually involes multiple transitions
ex: David Sanchez becomes an alcoholic. |
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A special life event that produces a lastshift in the life course trajectory, It must lead to more than a temporary detour.
examples: David becomes a medicine man, Sept 11th in the life of Maria, Mahdi refuses to get drafted |
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| a group of persons who were born at the same historical tine and experience particular social changes within a given culture in the same sequence and at the same age. |
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| used to indicate the behavbiors that are expected of people of a specific age in a given society at a patrticular point in time. for example... what is the proper age for dating or what is the the proper age for drinking |
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| standardizing of the ages at which social role transitions occur, by developing policies and laws that regulate the timing of these transitions. For exampl: drinking, driving, voting, being tried as an adult, marriage ect... |
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| help rendered by others that benefits an individual, is an obvious elementof interdependent lives. Shows us how all of our lives are connected. |
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| refers to the ability of some people to fare well in the face of risk factors. |
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| genetic problems such as Downs Syndrome, |
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| the leading cause of mental retardation worldwide. Have higher rates of miscarriages, prematurity, and LBW and well as STDS, turberculosis, and AIDS 46 percent more likely to die in the first month of life |
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| found a remarkable difference between woman with and without disabilities when it came to the use of contraceptives. The use of condoms was less likely and woman were less often prescribed the pill. Women who were disabled were more likely to have had a hysterectomy. |
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| infants weighing less than 2,500 grams (5 pounds, 8 ounces) at birth. The rate for black women have decreased by 10% and rose 11% for white women. However, black women continue to have babieswith LBW twice as much as white women. |
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| substances that may harm the developing organism. can be Antacids. alcohol, drugs, antibiotics, antidepressents. |
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| the inability to create a viable embryo. Causes dissatisfaction in many couples. and can be a very tramatic experience. |
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| Replacement Hormonal Therapy |
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Definition
| restores key hormones to normal leels, often mitigates infertility problems that are due to hormonal deficiencies. |
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| Assisted Reproductive Technologies |
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| "test tube babies"- includes in vitro, intrafallopian and Intrauterine. |
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| 15-20% success and costs about 10,000 dollars. ova are surgically removed during ovulation, mixed with donar sperm and inserted into uterus after fertilization |
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| Gamete Intrafallopian Tube Transfer |
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| 35-40% just like in vitro except that the egg is returned to the fallopian tubes |
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| Intrauterine Insemination |
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Definition
| Very costly and can take many attempts. Involves surgically implanting the ovum and spermatozoa into the uterus |
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Definition
the ability to form emotional bonds with other people. Foundation for emotional development
include Ainsworth theory of Attachment (secure vs. Anxious vs. Avoidant
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment (pre-attachment, attachment in the making, clear-cut attachment, and goal-corrected attachment) |
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| Ericksons Stages of Development |
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Definition
| the idea that there are certain tasks that need to be masted. Mastery of one stage depends on mastery of a previous stage. |
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| birth-1.5 years need a sense that their needs will be met and that the outside world is an okay place to be in. Consistency in meeting babies needs is important. |
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| Autonomy Vs. Shame and Doubt |
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1.5-3 years- Child needs to know that they are able to do things on their own but at the same time need to know they have limits. They need oppertunites for stimulation with oppertunites to make choices. |
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| 3-5 years old. They must develop a growing capacity to plan and initiate actions. |
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6-11 years old school-aged children must develop a sesne of competence to master and complete tasks. |
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| Identity Vs. Role Diffusion |
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| 11 to 20, Adolescents must develop a snse of who they are and where tehy are going in life or they become confused about their identity |
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| 21-40, Young adults must develop the capacity to commit to deep associations with others or they feel a sense of isolation |
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| Genertivity vs. Stagnation |
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| 41-65, Midlife adults must develop the capacity to trascend self interest to guide the next generation |
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| Ego Integrity Vs. Despair |
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| over 65, older adults must find integrity and contentment in their final years by accepting their life as it hasbeen or they feel a sense of despair. |
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| occurs during the sesorimotor stage an and happens around 9 months. It is when toddlers develop the ability to understand that an object or a person exists even when they do not see it. |
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| a cognitive development theorist, who believed that cognitive development occurs in successive stages, determined by the age of the child. Overall, he believed taht as a child grows and develops, cognition cvhanges not only in quanitiy but in quality. |
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| birth- 2years- Infants can only look at one frame of the movie at a time, when the next frame comes on the infant will look at that and can not go back |
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| ages 2-7 They can remember and recall the sequences of the pictures in the movie but will not necesarry understand how it all fits together |
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Concrete Operations Stage |
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| ages 7-11, Children can run the pictures back and forth the better understand how they fit together |
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11+ have the capacity to apply logic and use symbols. |
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| these are neural connections, during brain development these are overproduced (blooming) and then there is pruning of the synapes to improve brain function. |
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| Nonorganic failure to thrive, used to describe infants, between ages 3 and 12 months who show poor develop,emt, primarily when it comes to wieght gain. less than 80%, overall this is a consequence of the todlers needs not being met |
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Definition
| the two hempispheres of the brain begin to operate slightly differently, allowing for a wider range of activity. Brain functioning becomes more specialized, left is for analyzing and right is for emotions |
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| children perceive reality only from their own experience and believe themselves to be at the center of existence. B elieve that everything has to do with them |
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Central Developmental task for middle childhood |
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| this is self-competence, the child strives to recognize and value personal accomplishments and achivements. |
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| Institutional Discrimination |
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| The systematic demial of access to assets, economic oppertunities, associations, and organizations based on minority status. For example, school books were mostly written by men, girls less likely to recieve teacher praise and attention |
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| you are only as poor as the people around you... Poor is how poor you are in relation to others in your social group |
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