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| the passage through which food passes, starting at the mouth and ending at the anus |
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| The hollow tube about 5 inches long that starts behind the nose and ends at the top of the trachea (windpipe) and esophagus (the tube that goes to the stomach). |
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| During swallowing, the top of the windpipe is covered by _____ to prevent food from entering the respiratory system. |
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| From the esophagus, the food is passed to the _____ |
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| The lining of the stomach releases ___ ____ that mixes with the food. |
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| The term used to refer to partially digested food as it moves through the digestive tract. |
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| Some chyme is released into ____ ____ through the __ ___, and it is where most of the digestion occurs. |
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| Small intestine, pyloric sphincter |
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| The liver produces ____, a substance stored in the gall bladder. |
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| Wave-like muscle contractions that spread or push food and liquid naturally through the digestive tract. |
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| The pathway of bood through the heart, beginning at the lungs |
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| blood leaves lungs via pulmonary veins, where it is oxygenated. Pulm. veins take blood to left atrium until enough pressure opens atrioventricular valve. Where it is expelled through aortic valve into the aorta.Blood leaves the tissues by way of the systemic veins, or superior and inferior vena caae. Then pumped to semilunar valve into the pulmonary artery, where it carries to the lungs. |
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| Plasma, which contains proteins, ions, hormones, and gases, make up |
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| are also found in plasma and are pieces of cells that are important in blood clotting |
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| are special pockets in the lymphatic system where filtering of the lymph occurs. |
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| Air enters the respiratory system through |
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| occurs when oxygen is present and is the opposite process to that of photosynthesis. |
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| C H O >6CO + 6H O + energy |
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| is produced during anaerobic respiration and is a cause of sore muscles and after strenuous exercise. |
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| Anaerobic respiration in yeast is called |
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| Fermentation, producing ethanol rather than lactic acid |
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| The functional unit of the nervous system is the |
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Definition
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| Neurons have an electrical potential due to differnces in __ and __ ion concentrations across the cell membrane |
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| an impulse is generated when the __ of a neuron are stimulated by the environment of another nueron |
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| The impulse travels from the cell body along the axon until it reaches the ends, or |
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| axons trigger the release __, which travel across synapses and may trigger other nuerons and muscles. |
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Definition
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| There are three types of neurons |
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| sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons |
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| transmit impulses from sense organs and receptors |
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| make up brain and spinal cord |
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| carry impulses from impulses from interneurons to skeletal and visceral muscles and glands. |
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| includes brain and spinal cord |
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| Peripheral nervous system |
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| responsible for processing info. and include nerves and sense receptors |
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| The PNS is divided into __ and __ divisions |
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| A __ __ carries out simple, quick, and automatic responses to certain stimuli |
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| The __ makes up the largest portion of the brain, and is the sight of complex and high-level thinking |
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| The__ is located below and behind the cerebrum, and is responsible for muscular cordination and balance |
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| The __ controls homeostatic functions such as body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing |
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| Blood cells are made in the __ __ of the long bones |
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| produce a hard, calcium-rich extracellular matrix |
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| includes the skull, vertebrae, ribs, and sternum |
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| includes the bones of the shoulders, arms, pelvis, and legs |
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| connect the bones of the skeleton |
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| shoulder and hip- ball-and-socket, elbows and knees- hinge joints, wrists- sliding, or gliding joints |
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| a degernerative bone and joint disease |
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| a degerative joint disease caused by an autoimmune response |
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| a disease caused by calcium loss often found in older people |
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| is found only in the heart and is involuntary |
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| also involuntary is found in the interal organs of the digestive tract and in blood vessels |
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| also called striated muscle cells, or fibers. |
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| bends or moves a limb away from anatomical position |
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| returns the limb to anatomical position Biceps(flexor) triceps (extensor) |
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| Kideny's are made up of microscopic tubules called __ and collecting ducts. |
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| The functional unit of the kidney |
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Definition
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| The nephron is made up of the __, __, the __ __, The __ _ __, and __ __ |
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Definition
| glomerulus, Bowman's capsule, the proximal tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal tubule. |
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| The kidney filters about __% of blood. |
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| The function of this system is to maintain homeostasis |
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| Sexual reproduction involes the fusion of two __ to form a __. |
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| Gamete(sperm and egg), zygote (union of sperm and egg) |
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| half of the normal complement of chromosomes |
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| full complement of chromosomes |
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| produce male sex hormones such as testosterone |
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| In the female, the primary reproductive organs are the |
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| Inside the ovaries are ovarian follicles, each of which contains an immature egg caled an |
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| The fertilized egg egg travels to the uterus, the __, and the remains here for the rest of its development |
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| At the front of the eyeball, the tranparent __ allows light to enter the eye. |
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| Behind the cornea is the __, which not only gives our eyes color but also changes, size, regulating how much light will be allowed to enter the pupil, which is found in the middle of the iris |
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| are sensative to light and distinguish between black and white and allow us to see at night |
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| Allow us to distinguish between colors in the day |
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| Photoreceptors cell transmit the information via the __ __ to the brain. |
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| The antomy of the ear can be divided into three regions |
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Definition
| outer, middle, and inner ear |
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| The __ __ collects sounds and transmits them to the tympanic membrane. |
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Definition
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| which seperates the outer ear from the middle ear |
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Definition
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| In the middle ear, vibrations are transmitted through three small bones (ossicles) |
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| malleus, incus, and stapes |
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| Equalizes the pressure between the middle ear and the atmospere (ears popping) |
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| Sound coming into the inner ear moves the fluid that causes the __, to transduce this movement in to signals or action potentials |
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| The semicircular canals are involved in |
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