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HUEC 2040 Exam 2 (LSU)
Textile Sciences Exam 2
88
Other
Undergraduate 2
10/05/2010

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Term
Rayon
Definition

The first regenerated fiber

"artificial silk"

Term
Rayon
Definition
The FTC definition of ____identifies this fiber as "A manufactured fiber composed of regenerated cellulose, as well as manufactured fibers composed of regenerated cellulose in which substituents have replaced not more than 15% of the hydrogen of the hydroxyl groups"
Term
Uses of Viscose Rayon
Definition

Apparel, alone and in blends

Lingerie, Suits,cotton balls, home textiles

Term
Cuprammonium
Definition
"Bemberg" rayon or Cupro
Term

Cuprammonium

Definition
Apparel and lining fabrics
Term
High Wet Modulus Rayon
Definition
MODAL
Term

High Wet Modulus Rayon

Definition
Apparel especially blends w/ polyester
Term
High tenacity rayon
Definition
Industrial Uses, especially tire cords
Term
Lyocell
Definition
denim like fabrics
Term
Acetate
Definition
cigarette filters, decorative fabrics, formal fabrics and velvet
Term
Triacetate
Definition

can be heat set

apparel in which pleat or shape retention is important is often made from this

Term
Nylon
Definition
FTC definition "a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is a long-chain synthetic polyamide in which less than 85% of the amide linkages are attached directly to two aromatic rings"
Term
Nylon
Definition
The first SYNTHETIC fiber produced
Term
Nylon
Definition
Women's hosiery, jackets, running suits, soft sided luggage,carpets and rugs
Term
Aramid
Definition
protective clothing
Term
Polyester
Definition
FTC definition "a manufactured fiber in which the fiber-forming substance is any long-chain synthetic polymer composed of at least 85% by weight of an ester of a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid
Term
Polyester
Definition
rain gear, wrinkle resistant fibers, industrial tire cord, carpets, stuffed toys
Term
Spinneret
Definition
Shower head type device the liquid version of a polymer substance is forced through so that the narrow streams of liquid will re solidify into long thin fibers 
Term
Delustrant
Definition

Titanium Dioxide (TiO2

decreases the amount of light reflected by a textile (makes it dull/less shiny) added in the liquid form of a polymer

Term
Luster
Definition
the amount of light reflected by a textile
Term
bright
Definition
fibers without a delustrant are called this
Term
Solution Dyeing
Definition

adding color or dye to the liquid form of a polymer

especially useful for fibers that are difficult to dye such as Olefin

Term
Flame retardant additives
Definition

The burning behavior of a fiber can be reduced by the inclusion of this to the melt or liquid solution before spinning.

Polyester and Rayon are often treated with this

Term
Stabilizers
Definition
Ultraviolet absorbers and antioxidants that can be added to the melt or solution before spinning that keep a fiber from degrading due to Ultraviolet light or atmospheric weathering. Used especially for all-weather carpets and awnings
Term
Antimicrobials
Definition
Added to the melt or solution before spinning to help keep fibers sanitary. Slowly leaches out over the life of the fabric
Term
Spinning Cell
Definition
Circulating current of hot gas in a chamber that the polymer and solvent are deposited in after being extruded through a spinneret in the Dry Spinning process
Term
solution/gel spinning
Definition
As in wet and dry spinning the polymer is dissolved in a solvent . The polymer and solvent form a viscous gel that can be processed on conventional melt-spinning equipment to form a gel-like strand. Later in the processing the solvent is extracted and the fibers stretched
Term
Emulsion Spinning
Definition
Small fibrous polymers are formed into an emulsion, aligned by passing the emulsion through a capillary, then fused or sintered (combined by treating with heat without melting) passed through the spinneret into a coagulating bath and stretched.
Term
Emulsion Spinning
Definition
Used when fibers made from polymers that have extremely high melting points and are insoluble must be spun
Term
Microfibers
Definition
very-fine-diameter fibers
Term
Hollow Fibers
Definition
made of a sheath of fiber material and one or more hollow spaces at the center
Term
Hollow Fibers
Definition
Provide greater bulk with less weight. Often used to make insulated clothing
Term
Bicomponent Fibers
Definition

Different polymers of variants of the same polymer can be spun into a single fiber to utilize the special characteristics of each polymer.

"a fiber consisting of two polymers which are chemically different, physically different or both."

Term
side-by-side bicomponent fibers
Definition
the different polymers are fed to the spinneret together so they exit from the spinneret opening side by side
Term
Sheath-core bicomponent fibers
Definition
one component is completely surrounded by the other
Term
Drawing
Definition
the final step in the fiber-spinning process in which filaments are stretched to modify the the molecular arrangements within the fiber
Term
Orientation
Definition
refers to the extent to which the polymer chains line up in the long direction of the fiber
Term
Crystallinity
Definition
refers to the degree of orderly arrangement of chains. Fibers that are highly ______ are strong fibers
Term
Amorphous areas
Definition
Areas within fibers in which long-chain molecules are arranged in a random or unorganized manner. Dyes and finishes are best absorbed in these areas of the fiber
Term
Godet rolls
Definition
Drawing is accomplished by stretching the fibers between two rollers called ______, with the second roller rotating faster
Term
texturing
Definition
adding crimp to filaments
Term
heat-setting
Definition
treatments to ensure very low shrinkage
Term
type number
Definition
used by a manufacturer to summarize all the different details added to a filament in the spinning/manufacturing process
Term
merge number
Definition
number assigned to group all fibers that have consistent characteristics
Term
Highest Tenacity
Definition
Nylon
Term
Lowest tenacity
Definition
acetate
Term
Highest Elongation
Definition
polyester
Term
Lowest Elongation
Definition
Flax (linen)
Term
Highest Elasticity
Definition
nylon
Term
lowest elasticity
Definition
flax (linen)
Term
Highest Densities
Definition
Cotton
Term
Lowest Densities
Definition
Olefin
Term
Highest Moisture Regain
Definition
wool
Term
Lowest Moisture Regain
Definition
Olefin
Term
Highest Abrasion Resistance
Definition
Nylon
Term
Lowest Abrasion Resistance
Definition
acetate
Term
Highest Resiliency
Definition
polyester
Term
Lowest Resiliency
Definition
Flax
Term
Highest Sunlight Resistance
Definition
acrylic
Term
Lowest Sunlight Resistance
Definition
Silk
Term
Highest Ironing Temperature
Definition
cotton
Term
Lowest Ironing Temperature
Definition
Olefin
Term
regenerated fibers
Definition
Fibers produced from natural materials that cannot be used for textiles in their original form but the can, through chemical treatment and processing , be made into textile fibers
Term
Viscose Rayon
Definition
accounts for by far the largest amount of ____ manufactured worldwide. Although it is no longer produced in the US
Term

Wood Pulp

(eucalyptus, beech, or pine trees)

Definition
The major source of cellulose used to produce viscose rayon and other manufactured cellulosic fibers
Term
High-Wet-Modulus
Definition
Like cotton these rayons have a greater resistance to deformation when wet. Also known as Modal 
Term
Cuprammonium Rayon
Definition
made by dissolving cellulose in a copper ammonium solution and extruding the fiber into a water bath. Also known as Cupro and Bemberg Rayon
Term
Lyocell
Definition
has links to Mobile, Alabama
Term
Lyocell
Definition
Subcategory of Rayon. "Where the fiber is composed of cellulose precipitated from an organic solution in which no substitution of the hydroxyl groups takes place and no chemical intermediates are formed, the term lyocell may be used as a generic description of the fiber"
Term
Acetate
Definition
Chemical derivative of cellulose, was used as a coating for the fabric wings of WWI airplanes
Term
Derivative cellulose fibers
Definition
Cellulose acetate and cellulose triacetate are classified as this
Term
acetylation
Definition
In the chemical reactions that take place during the manufacture of cellulose acetate (and triacetate), acetyl groups are substituted for -OH groups on the cellulose molecule
Term
Specific Gravity
Definition
The density of the fiber in relation to the density of an equal volume of water at a temp of 4 degrees Celsius 
Term
Modulus
Definition
The resistance to stretching of a textile material 
Term
Elongation
Definition
the ratio of the extension of a material to the length of the material before stretching
Term
Resilience
Definition
the ability of a textile material to recover its original position after a distorting force such as stretching, bending, or compression
Term

Flexibility

 

Definition
That property of a material by virtue of which it may be flexed or bowed repeatedly without undergoing rupture
Term
Absorption
Definition
A process in which on material takes or absorbs another as the absorption of moisture by fibers
Term
Moisture Regain
Definition
The amount of moisture in a material determined under prescribed conditions and expressed as a percentage of the weight of the moisture-free specimen
Term
Dimensional Stability
Definition
the ability of a fiber or yarn to withstand shrinking or stretching
Term
Abrasion
Definition
The wearing away of any part of a material by rubbing against another surface
Term
Regenerated Fibers
Definition
Made from naturally occurring polymer materials
Term
Synthetic Fibers
Definition
synthesized from chemicals
Term
Wet Spinning
Definition
Polymeric material dissolved in a solvent, forced through a spinneret into warm air that evaporates solvent
Term
Partially Oriented Yarns
Definition

Not to full capacity or length

(POY)

Term
Fully Oriented Yarns
Definition

To full capacity or length

(FOY)

Term

Multifilament

 

Definition
Multiple filaments combined into a yarn
Term
Monofilament
Definition
Single filament used as a yarn
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