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1-HTN basics
HTN2
55
Biochemistry
Graduate
10/20/2017

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Term
BP=
Definition
BP = CO x TPR
Term
Normal BP
Prehyptertensive
Definition
Normal BP <120/<80
Prehyptertensive 120-139/80-89
Term
Stage 1 HTN Stage 2 HTN
Definition
Stage 1 HTN 140-159/90-99 Stage 2 HTN >160/>100
Term
HTN Crisis
Definition
>180/>120
Term
WOmen may experience inc HTN risk due to
Definition
-menopause
[decr estrogen production may inc RAAS activity
Term
Afr Americans may have inc HTN risk due to
Definition
-low renin
-obese,diabtes
-genetic variations in Na,Ca,K
Term
LVA are more______compared to HVA for activation
Definition
Negative
Term
HVA has subtypes
Definition
R & PQ
N
L
Term
LVA has subtypes
Definition
T
Term
T type does____
Definition
primarily in pacemakers [LVA]
-open much more neg voltages
Term
R & PQ types
Definition
[HVA]
-found in cerebellum(voluntary movement)
-
Term
N types
Definition
in presynaptic terminals
Term
L types
Definition
in neurons &skeletal/cardiac muscle
-Smooth muscle and vasoconstrictors
***(MOST TARGETED IN HTN)
Term
LTYPE action with Skeletal Muscle
Definition
Need Ca2+ to activate ryanodine receptors to get Ca2+ induced Ca2+ release
Term
LTYPE action with SMOOTHE muscle
Definition
[No Ryanodine]
-Activates myosin light chain kinasephosphorylates myosin heads
-
Term
CCBs MOA
Definition
-dec afterload(pressure at end of systole)
-reduce force of contraction
-slows av&SA conduction speed
Term
DHPs are more potent _____ but have less ____________
Definition
DHPs = more potent vasodilators but have less effect on CO
Term
NON-DHPs are less potent_______ and have more direct ___________effects
Definition
NON-DHPs less potent vasodilators
-more chronotropic,dromotropic, & inotropic effects
Term
Diltiazem is a
Definition
Benzothiazepine NON-DHP CCB
Term
Verapamil is a
Definition
Phenylalkylamine NON-DHP CCB
Term
NON-DHP approved indications
Definition
-Angina(dec O2 demand to heart by decreasing force of contraction)
-Supraventricular Tachycardias
Term
DHP approved indications
Definition
-Angina
Term
GENERAL CONTRAINDICATIONS IN CCBs
Definition
-Liver Failure (CCBs metab by liver)
-GERD(reduce lower esoph sphinctr contrctn)
Term
Adverse NON-DHP
& CONTRAINDICATIONS
Definition
ADV-1ST DEGREE AVBLOCK
CONSTIPATION,NVD,BRADYCARDIA,HF,Pulmonary Edema

CONTRA-hypotens.adv hrt blk, BETA BLOCKERS(Beta1antag),sevre aortic stenosis
Term
Adverse DHP
& CONTRAINDICATIONS
Definition
Adv-Periph edema, NVD,anorexia,FLushing,HA dizzi

CONTRA-Hypotens,sevre aortic stenosis,Cardiogenic shock
Term
AVOID THESE w/ CCBs
Definition
-Anesthetics
-DAB(Digoxin,Amiodarone,BB)
-Prednisone
-CYP3A4 inducers(rifampin)
-CYP3A4 inhibitors (Protease inhibs,SSRIs,Azole,Grapefrt)
Term
Beta 1 acts at

Beta 2 acts at
Definition
Beta 1 acts at Heart
(activates AC, inc cAMP)

Beta 2 acts at Smoothe muscle
(activates AC, inc cAMP)
Term
Alpha 1 acts at

Alpha 2 acts at
Definition
Alpha 1 acts at SMoothe Muscle
(Activate PLC,inc IP3/DAG....large efflux of intacell Ca2+)

Alpha 2 acts at presynaptic
(inhibits AC,Dec cAMP....reduc NE release)
Term
Beta 1 activation does
Definition
inc HR
-inc cardiac contratcility
Term
Beta 2 activation does
Definition
-dec Ca2+ & inc activation of PKA

-inc opening of membrane bound K+ channe;s
Term
1st Gen BB
Definition
-Nadolol,Penbutolol,Pindolol, Propranolol,sotolol,Timolol (B1 & B2)
Term
2nd Gen BB
BAMA is#1
Definition
MAABE (primary B1,w/o effect on B2)
-Metop,Aten,Acebut,Bisop,esm
Term
3rd Gen BB
Definition
-Carteolol, Carvedilol, Labetolol,
Betaxolol, Nebivolol (variable and effect alph1 antag,b2 agonist)
Term
BB indications
Definition
HTN
Glaucoma,CHF,Migraine
Hyperthyroidism
Angina,AMI
Term
BB adverse

BBRx intrxn
Definition
BB adverse
(Bronchoconstric,hypo/hyperglycem,T2DM,Depression,inc TG)

BBRx intrxn (CCBs-->NONDHPs......CLonidine)
Term
____&____ are not prdrugs
Definition
Capto pril and lisinopril
Term
ATR1 expreesed on______
Definition
Vascular smoothe muscle
(cause most potent vasoconstriction)
Term
renin release is sensed at these 3 sites
Definition
Afferent arteriole, efferent arteriole, macula densa
Term
Renin rellease inc with
Definition
reduced renal perfusion pressure
(stimulates barorecdptors)
Term
Pts that develop Dry cough on ACE inhibitors have higher
Definition
level of substance P in sputum (Afr Amer)
(5-20% of Pts on ACEi)
Term
ACE Inhib Side Effects
Definition
Dry cough,angioedema
Term
LOWEST SIDE EFFECTS with HTN meds
Definition
ARBs
Term
ARB or ACE causes renal failure how
Definition
-This is reversible. but occurs when GFR is critically dependent on efferent arteriole
Term
ACE/ARBs cause HYPERKALEMIA by
Definition
suppress of aldo synth and inhibiting MR activation
-aldo inhibition causes Na+ reabsorb
-luminal positivity inc & supp act of sodium pot pump
Term
ALl diabetes PT shud be treated with
Definition
ACE or ARB
Term
ACE and ARB side effects
Definition
Orthostatic Hypotension
Evidence of teratogenic effects
Term
LOOP DIURETICS
(Fuckn BET)
Definition
FUROSEMIDE
BUMETANIDE
Ethacrynic Acid
TORSEMIDE
(Thick ascending LOOP OF HENLE)
Activate RAAS & elevate Vasopressin
Term
LOOP DIuretics are associated w/
Definition
Hypokalemia
Metabolica acidosis
(inhibitd NA/K/CL transport in luminal membrane.more K ends up in lumine to be peed out)
Term
Thiazide Diuretics
Definition
Metolazone
Indapamide
Chlorthiazide
Chlorthalidone
HCTZ
(Distal Tubule)
Term
Chlorthalidone has
Definition
longest half life for Thiazide diuretics (40-60 hrs)

[More efficacious at night]
Term
Thiazide Diuretics Side Effects
Definition
Hypercalcemia
Hypokalemia(by RAAS activation)
Term
Potassium Sparing Diuretics
[EATS]
Definition
Eplerenone
Amiloride
Triamterene
SPironolactone
[Blocks luminal Na+ channels.Used w/ thiazide diuretics for pt w/ hypokalemia]
Term
Potassium Sparing Diuretics act at
Definition
Cortical collecting duct
[potassium sparing]
Term
SPironolactone and eplerenone block

Amiloride and triamterene block
Definition
SPironolactone and eplerenone block MR

Amiloride and triamterene block ENaC directlty
(both inc Na+ in lumen causein more Na+ and water excretion in urine...favors potassium reabsorp)
Term
Thiazide diuretics often used with ____&_____
Definition
ACE& ARBs to inc efficacy of diuretic but offsets hypokalemia
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