Shared Flashcard Set

Details

HTH SCI 2RR3 - U9 Soc Exczn
Keyterms & Readings
107
Nursing
Undergraduate 2
11/05/2010

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
SOCIAL EXCLUSION
Definition
Term
STIGMA
Definition
Term
IDENTITY
Definition
Term
Mainstream
Definition
Term
Marginalized
Definition
Term
at risk
Definition
Term
community concepts in health:
Definition

community empowerment

community capacity

Term
social concepts in health
Definition

social capital

social cohesion

Term
"social" concepts in health have an advantage over "_____" ones by directing that attention to higher order of political system
Definition

"_____" concepts in health have an advantage over "community" ones by directing that attention to higher order of political systems

Term
Two competing social justice norms:
Definition
  • 1) equality of opportunity
  • 2) equality of outcome
Term
small may be beautiful, but it may also be _____
Definition

small may be _____, but it may also be insignificant

Term
inequalities may be bad for your health.  Avoid excessive _____, _____, and ____ ____
Definition

_____ may be bad for your health.  Avoid excessive greed, intolerance, and poor parents

Term
The twinned concepts of social inclusion/exclusion > shrink preventable differences in health, well-being, and quality of life that still _____ and _____ our communities
Definition

The twinned concepts of social inclusion/exclusion > shrink preventable differences in _____, ____-____, and ____ __ ____ that still demarcate and segregate our communities

 

Term
the twinned 
Definition
Term
The twinned concepts of social inclusion/exclusion is more helpful than concept of social _____ / _____
Definition

The twinned concepts of social _____/_____ is more helpful than concept of social cohesion / capital

Term

school of thought:

conflict sociology

Definition
societies have a tenuous arrangement of fluid groupings in some degree of conflict with one another for POWER (resources, authority, and legitimacy)
Term
where there is no conflict, there is suppression > view some degree of social conflict as _____
Definition

where there is no conflict, there is _____ > view some degree of social conflict as healthy

Term
Social Capital
Definition

• no shared defnition (vary among individuals and organizations).

• trust, reciprocity, participation, social network density

Term
economic growth is the necessary means to the end of building social capital
Definition
economic growth is sometimes necessary because many of today's rich countries would benefit more by 'developing' their economies to be more equitable and sustainable (vs. just growing in size) 
Term
economic growth provides a sufficiency of wealth required by states for universal programs and resource redistribution that, in turn, are essential to the foundations for the capabilities that allow people to "live a life hey have reason to value".
Definition

economic growth provides a sufficiency of wealth required by states for universal programs and resource redistribution that, in turn, are essential to the foundations for the capabilities that allow people to "live a life hey have reason to value".

Term

Social capital builds a linguistic bridge between those in the _____ and those in ____ ____

 

Definition
____ ____ builds a linguistic bridge between those in the market and those in civil society
Term
Social capital:  They got the noun, which _____, while we go the adjective, which merely _____.
Definition

____ ____:  They got the noun, which defines, while we go the adjective, which merely modifies.

 

Term
wilful social exclusion by groups, by their logic and rules, replicate and heighten the material hierarchies of _____
Definition

wilful ____ ____ by groups, by their logic and rules, replicate and heighten the material hierarchies of inequality

 

Term

people internalize their own powerlessness and become their own prison guards.  Social inclusion efforts must _____ people to relative powerlessness rather than challenge the hierarchies that create it

Definition

people internalize their own _____ and become their own prison guards.  Social inclusion efforts must accommodate people to relative powerlessness rather than challenge the hierarchies that create it

Term
human rights and redistribution of resources (_____ and _____ equality) do not sufficient conditions for people "to be accepted and to participate fully within our families, communities, and our society".
Definition

human _____ and _____ of resources (income and material equality) do not sufficient conditions for people "to be accepted and to participate fully within our families, communities, and our society".

Term

what populations suffer from

social exclusion?

Definition

  • women
  • minorities
  • poor
  • sick
  • disabled
  • children / youth

Term
conceptually, social exclusion is better than blaming the victim.  They are disadvantaged by social processes > _____ (rather than excluding structures predicated on inequality)
Definition

conceptually, social exclusion is better than blaming the victim.  They are disadvantaged by _____ _____ > exclusion (rather than excluding structures predicated on inequality)

Term
Social inclusion = acceptance by and participation in _____, _____, and _____
Definition

____ ____ = acceptance by and participation in family, community, and society

Term
social exclusion = people "do not have the opportunity for full participation in the _____ and _____ benefits of society"
Definition

____ ____ = people "do not have the opportunity for full participation in the economic and social benefits of society"

Term
ppl are excluded from benefits of soc b/c they are poor > but poor b/c lack these benefits > ACTUALLY lack benefits b/c capital and state structures allow wealth to accumulate _____ (to benefit the powerful) 
Definition

ppl are excluded from benefits of soc b/c they are poor > but poor b/c lack these benefits > ACTUALLY lack benefits b/c _____ and _____ structures allow wealth to accumulate unequally (to benefit the powerful) 

Term
Women: Social Exclusion
Definition
Women are cast economically as a source of cheap and surplus wage labour, and of free reproductive labour 
Term
contemporary racial discrimination is firmly planed in contemporary capitalism
Definition
"only the wealth of the expoited colonies - their resources, their policies, their enslavement - allowed Western capitalism to depose feudalism"
Term

 

slavery collapsed when it was no longer _____ _____, not without a bloody war but not because of it.  It's undertow remains.


 

Definition

 

_____ collapsed when it was no longer economically efficient, not without a bloody war but not because of it.  It's undertow remains.


 

Term
internationally, ethnic conflicts have powerful roots in the _____ structures and _____ systems that allow wealth to accumulate unequally and powerful others to benefit directly and immediately
Definition

internationally, _____ conflicts have powerful roots in the economic structures and political systems that allow wealth to accumulate unequally and powerful others to benefit directly and immediately

Term
contemporary social exclusion based on gendered or racialized difference will also have a _____ and ____-____ component, with some people deriving
Definition

 

contemporary social exclusion based on _____ or _____ difference will also have a material and class-based component, with some people deriving

 

Term

'white' workers earn 16% MORE than non-white

• this is racism

• this is ____ ____ for employers

Definition

'white' workers earn 16% MORE than non-white

• this is _____

• this is economic advantage for employers

Term
Social exclusion is not about categories of people but the relations of _____ that categorize people
Definition

____ ____ the relations of power that categorize people

Term
uncritical use of social inclusion/exclusion can blind us to the use, abuse, and distribution of _____
Definition

uncritical use of social inclusion/exclusion can blind us to the _____, _____, and _____ of power

Term
characteristics of win/win relationship r/t power
Definition

• trusting

• respectful

 

Term

characteristics of win/LOSE relationship r/t power

 

Definition

• dominance

• expoitation

• hegemony

Term

We should not let the warmth of our inclusive ideal smother our anger over exclusivity's unfairness:

Exclusion > Anger > _____ > Social Trans > Social Inclusion

Definition

We should not let the warmth of our inclusive ideal smother our _____ over exclusivity's unfairness:

Exclusion > _____ > mobilization > Social Trans > Social Inclusion

Term
economically advanced countries > high unemployment because _____ change to digital economy and liberalized ability to locate more labour-intensive prod'n in low-wage countries
Definition

economically advanced countries > high _____ because capitalism's change to digital economy and liberalized ability to locate more labour-intensive prod'n in low-wage countries

Term
Fearing loss of social cohesion, france shifted policy (1988) to guarantee minimum income, but only if social _____ (shifts in capitalist production)
Definition

Fearing loss of social cohesion, france shifted policy (1988) to guarantee _____ _____, but only if social reintegration (shifts in capitalist production)

Term
"anomie"
Definition
a loss of personal meaning that arises with deep tears in the social fabric that normally binds people together
Term
Social inclusion or social integration tends to adapt people to the needs of _____ rather than regulate _____ to the needs of people
Definition

Social _____ or social _____ tends to adapt people to the needs of markets rather than regulate markets to the needs of people

Term
rather than neighbourhoods, _____ are where people form man of their lasting friendships
Definition

rather than _____, workplaces are where people form man of their lasting friendships

Term

Poverty reducing job-types include:

• _____ - highly insecure

• _____ - employment increasingly so

• _____ - less spend (trim job-force) 

Definition

_____ reducing job-types include:

• informal - highly insecure

• private - employment increasingly so

• public - less spend (trim job-force) 

Term
New Global Trade Regime:  rich > richer.  Poor > ____ ____
Definition

New ____ ____ ____:  rich > richer.  Poor > further behind

 

Term
Rich counties achieved richness using "Special and differential" exemptions  to trade rules so that they can grow their economies
Definition

 

Rich counties achieved richness using "Special and differential" exemptions  to trade rules so that they can grow their economies

 

Term
despite having "developed" their economies using "special and differential" exemptions to trade rules to grow their economy, rich countries now want to "level the playing field" to deny poorer countries the same opportunity
Definition

despite having "developed" their economies using "special and differential" exemptions to trade rules to grow their economy, rich countries now want to "level the playing field" to deny poorer countries the same opportunity

Term

Equality in outcome demands inequalities in _____

• the process of including some will almost inevitably exclude others

Definition

Equality in outcome demands inequalities in _____

• the process of including some will almost inevitably exclude others

Term
"inequalities in opportunity" does not mean targeted programs at the expense of universal programs. But universal programs without some targeting within them (some deference to greater disparity/need/hx exclusion) can heighten inequalities in outcome because of who is better able to avail of such programs
Definition

"inequalities in opportunity" does not mean targeted programs at the expense of universal programs. But universal programs without some targeting within them (some deference to greater disparity/need/hx exclusion) can heighten inequalities in outcome because of who is better able to avail of such programs

 

Term
social inclusion / exclusion requires a global lens (not just a ____ or ____ lens)
Definition

social inclusion / exclusion requires a _____ lens (not just a national or local lens)

 

Term
Women's employment remains:
Definition

  • low paid
  • unhealthy
  • insecure in "free-trade" export zones that prohibit any labour orgzn and employ only single women

Term
Often, the income women earn in developing countries still goes to male household members.
Definition

Often, the income women earn in developing countries still goes to male household members.

Term
most developing counties lay pay equity laws; the gender gap in many countries is _____
Definition

most developing counties lay ____ ____ ____; the gender gap in many countries is widening

Term
public caring supports for babies have been _____ in many trade-opened countries, portending future health inequalities
Definition

public caring supports for ____ have been declining in many trade-opened countries, portending future health inequalities

Term

global "hierarchy of care" - increasing # women from developing nations are getting employment as ____ ____ or other ____ ____ in wealthy countries

(they become 'socially included')

Definition

global "____ of ____" - increasing # women from developing nations are getting employment as domestic workers or other service providers in wealthy countries

(they become 'socially included')

 

Term
the process of including some will almost inevitable _____ others
Definition

the process of _____ some will almost inevitable exclude others

Term
our concern should not be with the groups or conditions that are excluded, but with the socio-economic rules and political powers that _____ excluded groups and conditions and the groups who benefit from this.
Definition

our concern should not be with the groups or conditions that are excluded, but with the ____-____ rules and political powers that create excluded groups and conditions and the groups who benefit from this.

Term
Goals for applying the idea of social inclusion/exclusion
Definition

• make less powerful > more powerful

• disorganized > more organized

• less capable > more resourced/confident in their capacities

Term
many excluded groups simply want the same chance to climb the ladders of wealth and power that others have before them 
Definition

many excluded groups simply want the same chance to climb the ladders of wealth and power that others have before them 

 

Term
Who is a Senior?
Definition

• aged 50-65 years, (mostly 65)

• # of senior in Cda increase 4.2 > 9.8 million between 2005-2036

• in 2005 > women 75% of 90+ age

Term
Factors contributing to Social Exclusion of Older Adults
Definition

  • Poverty
  • disability
  • mental illness
  • immigrant status
  • ageism
  • individual factors > health
  • community factors > transport
  • health care factors > access
  • • systemic factors > poverty, ageism

Term

Characteristics contributing to social exclusion among older adults?

(Individual level factors)

Definition

 

  • life expectancy increasing
  • imporoves self-assessed health
  • improved functional health
  • increasing chronic diseases (arthritis, diabetes)
  • increasing obesity
  • no improvements in physical activity
  • high suicide rates among senior men

 

Term

Characteristics contributing to social exclusion among older adults?

(Individual level factors: health: Grade B)

Definition

  • in nunavit, NWT, aboriginal pop'n, life expectancy at 65 almost 4 years lower than national avg
  • aboriginal ppl have more chronic ill (diabetes)

Term

Characteristics contributing to social exclusion among older adults?

(Health System Factors: Grade C+)

 

Definition

 

  • medicaion use increasing
  • difficulty with access to specialized care
  • waiting times
  • out of pocket expenses increaing
  • unmet home care needs
  • some difficulty getting family dr
  • quality of family doctor
  • living in institutions

 

Term
Institutionalization (2001)
Definition

 

  • 93% of seniors in private households
  • 7% lived in collective dwellings - primary health care insitutions such as nursing homes/hospitals
  • proportion of seniors in institution: 
  • 2% for 65-74
  • 32% if over 85 years

 

Term

Characteristics contributing to social exclusion among older adults?

(Systemic Factors: Grade B)

Definition

  • overall income improving
  • recent immigrant women > low income
  • income gap b/w genders: before tax income of women over 5 was 67% of that of men in 2004
  • Canada: 219,000 seniors below income cut off (2004); 60% of these were unattached senior women
  • unattached person receiving OAS and GIS had income of $12,000 (2004)
  • 3% (137,000) seniors eligible for GIS but did not receive in 2003

Term
Characteristics Contributing to Social ExclusionAmong Older Adults
Definition

  • Poverty Rate: for senior fallen: 11.3% in '89 to 5.4 in 2006
  • elderly men 3.5%, elderly women 7%
  • social policies: Old Age Security & Guaranteed Income Suppl, and high private pensions in '70-80s

Term

Characteristics Conribuing to Social Exclusion Amon Older Adults

(Systemic factors: Living Conditions: Grade B)

Definition

  • Housing Problems for renters, aboriginal senior & immigrant senior
  • % of senors with housing affordability problems decreased slightly 1996-2001

Term
Hamilton Council on Aging reveals:
Definition

  • need for security in homes
  • older building in need of repair
  • need for affordable housing
  • concern re lowered age limits in housing (drug abuse)
  • need low cost help with home maintenance

Term

Characteristics Contributing to Social Exclusion Among Older Adults

(Systemic factors: living conditions: Transportation)

Definition

  • % with driving licenses improving for women (52%)
  • % of senior households with vehicle improving (women 50%, men 72%, couples 92%
  • senior women concerned about safety at night, incl public transp

Term

Characterisitics Contributing to Social Exclusion Amon Older Adults

(Hamilton Council on Aging)

Definition

  • problems re Transportation
  • limited public transp in some areas
  • lack of shelters, places to sit
  • DARTS expensive, prob booking
  • buses start quickly, not all kneeling buses, riders not give up seats, cost

Term

Characterisitics Contribuging to Social Exlusion among Oler Adults: 

(Hamilton Council on Aging)

Definition

  • problems in public spaces:
  • snow not cleared at bus stops
  • poor street lighting
  • uneven sidewalks
  • buildings without elevators, too small for scoots
  • restaurants with no main floor washroom, no space for w/c
  • traffic lights too quick to cross safely

Term

Characteristics Contributing to Social Exclusion Among Older Adults:

(Systemic factors: living conditions: Criminal Victimization)

Definition

  • stable % of senior victims of violent crime
  • feeling of safety generally stable
  • seniors as victims of fraud and other forms of elder abuse: data n/a

Term

Characteristics Contributing To Social Exlusion Among Older Adults

(Systemic factors: participation in Society: Grade B)

Definition

  • high rates of formal and informal volunteering and charitable gving
  • Satisfactory social networks
  • more senior in paid labour force
  • want more flexibility in work 
  • need for variety of activities, options, reasonable cost
  • other issues: ageism

Term
Is Social Exclusion of Older Adults an Issue Among Nursing Students?
Definition

  • nsg studends have negative, positive, neutral attitudes about working with elderly
  • most do not plan to have careers working with older adults
  • positive experiences with grandparents, other older adults help shape positive attitudes to older ppl and working with them in nsg career
  • positive role models, curriculum experiences may help

Term
What Can Be Done?
Definition

  • outdoor spaces and buildings
  • transportation
  • housing
  • social participation
  • respect and social inclusion
  • civic participation and employment
  • communication and information
  • community support and health services

 

Term

What Can Be Done?

(WHO age Friendly Cities/Communities)

Definition

  • User friendly global age-frienly cities guide
  • checklist that can be used to assess cities and improve or monitor aspects of urban life
  • offers affordable measures to make cities more age-friendly
  • Number of cities in Canada using this model including Hamilton

Term

What Can Be Done?

(councils on aging in many cities: volunteer, join a board or working group)

Definition

  • seniors involved in community decision making 
  • research to current assess issues for seniors 
  • Advocacy to improve seniors living conditions 
  • Hamilton: age friendly city, income support project, diversity project

Term

What Can Be Done? 

(Senior/Age Friendly Hosp initiative)

Definition

  • Seniors: 63% actue inpatient days and 43% provincial health expenditures in Ontario
  • Hospitalization is critical point for seniors: rates of adverse events, Sx complications, nosocomial infecations, risk of hosp aquired delirioum, increase lenght of stay, readmission, loss of capacity for independent living
  • Framework to guide development of senior friendly hosptials (regional geriatric programs) used by number of hospitals

Term

What Can Be Done?

(Senior/Age friendly hospitals inititive)

Definition

  • Processes of care: does care and tx take into account research re physiology and pathology of aging?
  • emotional and behavioural environment: does staff interact with respect, support, caring?
  • Ethics in clinical care and research: do providers, researchers ensure ethical issues r/t elderly research S's
  • Organizational Support: does the oragnization show support for being senior friendly hosp in structures and processes
  • physical enviro: is phys enviro sensitive to capacities of elderly patients/visitors?

Term

What Can Be Done?

as a nurse

Definition

  • Personal reflection on value and attitudes towards older adults
  • further develop knowledge and unstd of social exclusion issues for elderly
  • work with elderly on common goals (health care system improve, age friendly comm, hosp)
  • political advocacy on issues to improve quality of life of seniors

Term
Social Exclusion
Definition

  • failure to provide for needs of a group
  • legal or sanctioned mechanisms which isolate or discriminate
  • Exclusion from social production & opportunity to participate in social and cultural activities
  • affecting multiple dimensions of individual or community interaction

Term
Social Exclusion
Definition

  • both process and an outcome
  • an expression of unequal relations of power and opportunity among groups in society
  • unequal access to economic, social, political and cultural resources

Term
Aboriginal Demographics in Canada
Definition

1,172,000 Aboriginals in 2006

53% Registered or Status Indians

30% metis

11% non-status indians

4% inuit

Term
More demographics - aboriginal in Canada
Definition

48% aboriginals are under 25 years 

54% aboriginal ppl live in urban centres

since 1996 > 47% aboriginal increase

Term
Effects of Colonialization
Definition

  • dislocation from traditional land & lifestyle
  • policies of linguistic and cultural separations
  • forces assimilation into dominant culture
  • industrial processes of degradation of traditional lands
  • exploitation of natural resources
  • interpersonal and institutional racism

 

Term
Aboriginal - Non-aboriginal relations
Definition

  • early european contact (15-1600) > exploration & trade
  • Fur trade (1600 - 1700s)
  • Missionaries - "christionizing"

Term
Royal Commission - 1996
Definition

  • First Nations and inuit people have lower life expectations (8 years) than non-aboriginals
  • higher infant mortality rates
  • four leading causes of death: injury & poisoning, circulating disease, cancer and respiratory disease
  • incidence of TB is six times higher
  • rising incidence of diabetes (X6 higher)
  • obesity rates twice that of non aboriginals
  • suidice rates 5-7 X higher
  • suicide and self infliceted inj leading cause of death under 44 years
  • mental health under reported; depression
  • many aboriginal people > racism
  • 24% cannot converse in their native lang
  • education attainment less
  • 14% unemploy vs 7% non-aborig
  • for reserves > food security, quality and avail & adequate and suitable housing & water quality and enviro issues

Term

community health programs 

for First Nations and Inuit

Definition

  • early childhood edu
  • immunization
  • TB program
  • drug, alcohol and substance abuse
  • mental health & suicide prevention

Term

Current circumstances 

aboriginals an inuit

Definition

  • racism, stereotyp, stigmatism
  • lack recognition of traditional aboriginal medicine, healing, and spirit practices
  • lack acces to culturally oriented health services for aboriginal peoples
  • provincial and federal government sharing responsibilities for health service
  • general lack of awareness by most canadian

Term
Food Security
Definition
Term
What is Stigma?
Definition

• a spoiled identity in society

• Exposure to negative attitudes, structural and interpersonal experiences of discrimination or unfair treatment, and violence perpetrated against persons who belong to disadvantaged social groups

• the person is treated in a different way

 

Term
Types of Stigma
Definition
  • Societal Stigma (social exclusion)
  • Self-Stigma (internal stigma)
Term

• Societal Stigma results from negative labels and stereotypes placed on individuals

  • involves _____, _____ and _____
Definition

____ ____ results from negative labels and stereotypes placed on individuals

  • involves attitudes, feelings and behaviour
Term
Causes of Stigma
Definition
  • fear (r/t misinformation)
  • misconception/misinformation
  • perceptions of dangerousness
  • attribution of responsibility (if cause own illness)
  • lack of contact with people with serious mental illness
Term
internal (self) stigma
Definition

• occurs when the ppl internalize labels placed upon them by the perpetrator

• may be just as damaging as effects of external stigma 

• indiv has to deal with symptoms AND readjust their own beliefs about dx

Term
medium correlation b/w peoples exp of well-being and their perceived stigma
Definition

ppl were able to observe stigma in everyday life situations. 

• this was common for ppl with mental illness

Term

 

stronger negative effect on adjustment and grown than exacerbation of symptoms

 

Definition
just because you perceive stigma doesn't mean that your symptoms are going to get worse, but your quality of life will (get worse)
Term
www.mentalhealthcommision.ca
Definition
• the greatest challenge for those with mental illness was the stigma that they felt (social exclusion)
Term
mental health more than absence of disease
Definition

someone can have some mental health while still having some mental illness

• ppl can adjust to their illness despite having a sypmtom (coping with ill)

Term

Societal Stigma is also found among health care professionals

Definition
in fact, ____ ____ can sometimes be worse amongst health care professionals
Term
the dangerousness (level of violence) amongst those with schizophrenia 
Definition

• people with schizophrenia are far more likely to commit suicide than to hurt anyone else

• risk of violence is much higher in other situations

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