Term
| Generic substitutes tend to be less expensive than proprietary brands because the generic manufacturer has not invested the considerable time and money necessary to develop the original drug product. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If generic substitution is permitted on a prescription: |
|
Definition
| Any manufactured brand of the drug listed may be given. |
|
|
Term
| The study of drugs, including their origin, properties, and interactions with living organisms, is known as: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Brand name given to drug by manufacturer is known as the drug’s: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| To find official information about drugs (according to the FDA), go to: |
|
Definition
| US Pharmacopeia–National Formulary (USP–NF) |
|
|
Term
| Drugs may be obtained from which of the following sources? |
|
Definition
| Plants, animals, and minerals |
|
|
Term
| The branch of the U.S. government responsible for the process of approving drugs for clinical use is the: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| An orphan drug is a drug that: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Drugs available to general public without a prescription are known as: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Advantages of delivering drugs by oral or nasal inhalation include? |
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Definition
| Aerosol doses are smaller than those administered systemically. Side effects are usually fewer and less severe. The onset of action is rapid. The delivery process is painless, relatively safe, and usually more convenient. |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following classes of drugs can be aerosolized? |
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Definition
| Antiasthmatic agents, Adrenergic agents, Anti-infective agents, Mucoactive agents, Corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| Which of following drug groups are important to respiratory & critical care, although they may or may not be available in an aerosol form? |
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Definition
| Diuretics, Antiarrhythmic agents, Neuromuscular blocking agents, Anticoagulant and thrombolytic agents |
|
|
Term
| In today’s market, companies spend approx. how much money on research, development, preclinical and post-clinical trials? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If drug ordered with the Latin abbr. qid, it should be administered: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If a physician desires a drug to be administered as needed, he or she should use which of the following abbreviations? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A drug’s portal of entry into the body is known as its: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a route of drug administration? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of following methods of drug administration do not require hypodermic needle? |
|
Definition
| Transdermal, Inhalation, Subcutaneous, Intravenous |
|
|
Term
| Which of following is not part of the pharmacokinetic phase of a drug? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The principal organ for drug metabolism is the: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which following organs is considered primary site of drug excretion? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The mechanism of drug action by which a drug molecule causes its effect in the body is known as the: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| albuterol binds to its corresponding receptor in order to initiate its intended response of bronchodilation. albuterol is known as a: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Two different drugs (each with its own mechanism of action) are administered to a patient in attempt to relieve bronchoconstriction. The ordering physician hopes that effect of drug pair will be greater than sum of separate effects of each drug. If successful, this will be: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| a 37-year-old female has been taking medication for lower back pain for last 18 mo. She reports that although medication initially rendered her pain-free, she now receives very little relief from daily dose. This describes which term used to describe drug responsiveness (assuming condition has not worsened): |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Match the following Greek prefixes with their meaning. |
|
Definition
| Deca :10 , Kilo :1000 , Hecto :100 |
|
|
Term
| Atrovent is supplied as a 0.02% solution. If you administer 2.5 ml to a patient, how many milligrams are you giving? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| A physician orders 3 ml of an 8% drug solution. You only have a 10% solution available. How many milliliters of 10% solution do you need to make the new 8% solution? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Traditionally, what percentage of a given dose of aerosolized medication reaches the lower respiratory tract, regardless of the type of delivery device being used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For pulmonary diagnostic and therapeutic applications, the particle size range of interest is what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have 3 mg/ml of active ingredient; what is the percent solution of this drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Match following Units terms with the unit of measurement. |
|
Definition
| Volume :Cubic meter , Mass :Kilogram |
|
|
Term
| patient carries albuterol MDI, which she uses every few weeks. complains that first dose seems to have no effect on bronchospasm. What suggestion would you make to correct the problem? |
|
Definition
| Discharge a waste dose before using the MDI. |
|
|
Term
| You are instructing the parents of a 4-year-old child with asthma on how to deliver aerosolized medication at home via a traditional small-volume jet nebulizer. When asked how much of the medication actually reaches the child’s lungs, you answer: |
|
Definition
| 10% to 15% of the total drug dose |
|
|
Term
| An aerosol is best defined as: |
|
Definition
| A suspension of solid or liquid particles in a carrier gas |
|
|
Term
| One milliliter (ml) is equal to how many drops (gtts) of liquid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You have atropine 0.4 mg/ml in a vial of liquid. How many milliliters will be needed for a 1.0-mg dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You administer 0.5 ml of a 1:200 strength drug; how many milligrams of active ingredient are you giving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| One cubic centimeter is equivalent to how many milliliters? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cubic centimeters do you need for a 2.5-mg dose of terbutaline sulfate, using a 0.1% solution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the end-inspiratory breath-hold used in conjunction with aerosol delivery? |
|
Definition
| Allows better deposition through gravitational settling |
|
|
Term
| How much 20% acetylcysteine needed for 5 ml of 6% solution? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient informs you that she keeps her albuterol MDI stored in her refrigerator, for she feels that this may keep the medication “fresher” for a longer period of time. What is your response? |
|
Definition
| Request that she no longer refrigerate the canister, but store it at room temperature. |
|
|
Term
| Match the following Latin prefixes with their meaning. |
|
Definition
| Micro :1/1,000,000 , Milli :1/1000 , Centi :1/100 , Deci :1/10 |
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|
Term
| A physician orders that 12 mg of medication be delivered to your patient. If 30 ml of the solution contains 20 mg of active drug, how many milliliters will you need to administer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three main uses of aerosol therapy include the following: |
|
Definition
| Humidification of dry gases, Improved mobilization and clearance of secretions, Delivery of aerosol drugs to the respiratory tract |
|
|
Term
| Match following metric system terms with quantities they measure. |
|
Definition
| Meter :Length , Liter :Volume , Gram :Mass |
|
|
Term
| Adrenergic bronchodilators mimic the actions of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine stimulates which sites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All of the following are side effects that should be monitored in your patient when using a sympathomimetic aerosol except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient presents with postextubation stridor. You recommend racemic epinephrine for its: |
|
Definition
| a-Adrenergic vasoconstricting effect |
|
|
Term
| What is the indication for use of a short-acting b agonist in asthma? |
|
Definition
| As rescue therapy in reversible airflow obstruction |
|
|
Term
| In the parasympathetic branch of the nervous system, what name is given to the neurotransmitter that conducts nerve transmission at the ganglionic site? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Short-acting b2 agonists are indicated for: |
|
Definition
| Relief of acute reversible airflow obstruction |
|
|
Term
| You enter the room of a 2-year-old patient who presents with the characteristic “barking cough” found with croup. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, you may recommend which of the following medications to help provide relief from subglottic swelling? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Relaxation of smooth airway muscle in the presence of reversible airflow obstruction is a general indication for the use of: |
|
Definition
| Adrenergic bronchodilators |
|
|
Term
| You are treating an asthmatic who also happens to be taking propranolol (a b blocker) for a history of cardiac arrhythmias. What effect would you expect albuterol to have on this patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient is suffering from bradycardia. Which type of drug do you recommend? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The stimulation of which receptor sites produces bronchial smooth muscle relaxation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Inhalation is the preferred route of administering catecholamines for which of the following reasons? |
|
Definition
| Rapid onset of action, Smaller dosage used, Reduced side effects, Drug is delivered to target organ, Safe and painless route |
|
|
Term
| You are ordered to extubate a mechanically ventilated patient who has recently undergone open-heart surgery. On postextubation assessment, you note that the patient has stridor with mild retractions. Pharmacologically, you would recommend: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine stimulates which of the following receptor sites? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient is accidentally given a large dose of a parasympathomimetic drug. What side effects of parasympathetic overstimulation do you expect to see? |
|
Definition
| Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Defecation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The single (R)-isomer of albuterol |
|
|
Term
| Disease states that could benefit from the use of adrenergic bronchodilators include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Asthma, Bronchitis, Emphysema, Bronchiectasis |
|
|
Term
| The bronchodilating action of adrenergic drugs is due to stimulation of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Albuterol is available in which of the following forms? |
|
Definition
| Syrup, Nebulizer solution, Metered dose inhaler (MDI), Oral tablets, Dry powder inhaler (DPI) capsules |
|
|
Term
| How is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine inactivated at the parasympathetic terminal receptor site? |
|
Definition
| By the enzyme cholinesterase |
|
|
Term
| b1 Receptor stimulation will: |
|
Definition
| Increase heart rate and contractile force |
|
|
Term
| Your patient is diagnosed with persistent asthma. Which type of drug would you recommend for maintenance bronchodilation and control of bronchospasm? |
|
Definition
| Long-acting adrenergic agent |
|
|
Term
| A patient with glottic edema is in mild distress. Which of the following medications would be of benefit in this situation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient is receiving her third continuous nebulizer of albuterol (15 mg/hr.). Which potential complications should you be on the lookout for? |
|
Definition
| Hypokalemia, Cardiac arrhythmias, Hyperglycemia, Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), Tremor |
|
|
Term
| What is the only b-agonist formulation that is a single isomer and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for aerosol delivery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After administering a sympathomimetic drug to your patient, in what areas would you expect to see an upward trend? |
|
Definition
| Heart rate, Blood pressure, Blood sugar |
|
|
Term
| You administer an inhaled bronchodilator that is known to have adrenergic side effects on the heart. What clinical sign should you watch for in your patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the adrenergic effect on bronchial smooth muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A long-acting b-adrenergic |
|
|
Term
| Atrovent is approved for: |
|
Definition
| Maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in COPD |
|
|
Term
| The physical properties of mucus include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Adhesion, Cohesion, Elasticity, Viscosity |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following agents is/are currently approved for administration as an aerosolized mucoactive agent? |
|
Definition
| N-acetylcysteine (NAC), Dornase alfa |
|
|
Term
| Theophylline and caffeine are examples of: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is difficult to determine therapeutic doses of theophylline because: |
|
Definition
| Individuals metabolize theophylline at different rates. |
|
|
Term
| How does acetylcysteine work? |
|
Definition
| Substitutes sulfhydryl radicals for disulfide bonds in mucus |
|
|
Term
| Theophylline has been used to treat all of the following except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acetylcysteine is incompatible in solution with which of the following: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Common, less toxic side effects of theophylline therapy include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Headache, Gastric upset, Anxiety, Nervousness, Diuresis |
|
|
Term
| The only anticholinergic that is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for aerosolization is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac effects of aerosolized ipratropium bromide include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The currently recommended blood serum theophylline level for the management of asthma is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pulmozyme is the trade name for the mucoactive agent: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The recommended therapeutic blood serum range of theophylline for use in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the only once-a-day anticholinergic on the market? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dosage of theophylline is best monitored by: |
|
Definition
| Measurement of serum drug levels |
|
|
Term
| You have a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is struggling to expel viscid mucus plugs. What would you recommend for the problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients using ipratropium aerosols should be instructed to avoid allowing the aerosol in contact with their: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Combivent is a combination drug including which agents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The most common side effect of anticholinergic bronchodilators is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does dornase alfa work? |
|
Definition
| Breaks down DNA content in sputum |
|
|
Term
| Disadvantages of theophylline therapy include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Narrow therapeutic margin, Toxic effects, Unpredictable blood levels, Need for individual dosing, numerous drug–drug and drug–condition interactions |
|
|
Term
| Possible side effects of aerosolized Atrovent include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Flulike symptoms, Pharyngitis, Dry mouth, Dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is not a function of mucus in the body? |
|
Definition
| Improvement of gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| The xanthine of choice to treat apnea of prematurity is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A resident orders 4 cc of 20% Mucomyst aerosolized for an asthma patient. You are called by the unit secretary about the order. You would: |
|
Definition
| Call the resident and obtain a verbal order to give a b2 agonist with the Mucomyst |
|
|
Term
| All of the following are hazards associated with the use of acetylcysteine except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The therapeutic range for theophylline is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Results of your patient’s pulmonary function test (PFT) show that the peak flow rate increased the most when she inhaled an aerosolized sympathomimetic agent and an aerosolized parasympatholytic agent. You would recommend that she be given: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mechanism of action by xanthines is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The product combining an inhaled steroid and a bronchodilator is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corticosteroids are used with asthmatics and COPD patients to achieve which effect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A patient complains of oral thrush and hoarseness since she has been using fluticasone by MDI. The physician asks you to make a suggestion to help her without discontinuing the drug. You suggest: |
|
Definition
| Add a spacer and rinse the mouth after use |
|
|
Term
| Cromolyn sodium is effective in preventing bronchospasm by: |
|
Definition
| Inhibiting mast cell degranulation |
|
|
Term
| A patient has been taking oral prednisone for 1 week following a severe episode of asthma. The physician decides to switch the patient to aerosolized beclomethasone (QVAR). What is the best way to accomplish this? |
|
Definition
| Begin the aerosol and begin to gradually taper off of the oral dose. |
|
|
Term
| Inhaled pentamidine is indicated for: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| General indication 4 clinical use of nonsteroidal antiasthma agents: |
|
Definition
| Prophylactic management of mild persistent asthma |
|
|
Term
| The nebulizer used to aerosolize ribavirin is the: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is considered a mast cell stabilizer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The usual dose of nebulized cromolyn sodium is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Local airway side effects of aerosolized pentamidine include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Wheezing, Coughing, Shortness of breath, Bad taste, Spontaneous pneumothoraces |
|
|
Term
| The trade name for aerosolized pentamidine is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ribavirin is classified as a (n): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The trade name for ribavirin is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major cells responsible for inflammatory response in asthma are: |
|
Definition
| Mast cells and eosinophils |
|
|
Term
| The mode of action of pentamidine is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The brand name for cromolyn sodium is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pentamidine is administered by aerosol with which nebulizer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects of aerosolized steroid use incl. all the following except: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause which of the following? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In COPD, the primary inflammatory cells are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Your patient tells you that she is having chest tightness and wheezing 4 to 6 times/week, plus she wakes up with chest tightness and wheezing about once per week. She uses albuterol each time, with relief. She is taking no other medication, except her albuterol MDI. What other medication would you suggest be prescribed to her? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nonsteroidal antiasthma drugs are: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The disease that aerosolized antibiotics have been most consistently used for is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After a patient begins using cromolyn sodium, how long may it take before clinical improvement in patient symptoms is seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Systemic side effects of aerosolized pentamidine can include which of the following? |
|
Definition
| Pancreatitis, Conjunctivitis, Neutropenia, Renal insufficiency, Rash |
|
|
Term
| A patient with Pneumocystis pneumonia has been systemically treated, without success. You recommend aerosolizing: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which of the following is a common side effect of inhaled corticosteroids? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zanamivir would be indicated for: |
|
Definition
|
|
