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HTH 471 Nutrition
Gerontology
101
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
01/29/2013

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Cards

Term
How many nutrients play a role in health?
Definition
Over 40
Term
What is the most essential element in the body
Definition
water
Term
Caloric requirements diminishes with what?
Definition
age
Term
Proportion of body fat ______ and muscle mass ________.
Definition
Increases, decreases
Term
Metabolic rate ______
Definition
decreases
Term
How many quarts of water do old people need
Definition
1.5-2
Term
Elders have less _______ and higher chance of dehydration
Definition
body water
Term
Symptoms of dehydration
Definition
: weakness, confusion, dry mouth, flushed skin, sunken eyes, dry loose skin and decrease in urine.
Term
Protein needs are increased in times of _______ or _______ ________
Definition
stress or during recovery
Term
Healthy elders generally need ______ protein than their younger counterparts
Definition
less
Term
Carbohydrates
Definition
A major source of calories because they are inexpensive and easy to store, chew and digest
Term
Complex carbs
Definition
are beans, potatoes and grains
Term
Simple carbs
Definition
sugars
Term
Six sources of protein
Definition
nuts, legumes, fish, meat, eggs and dairy
Term
Proteins
Definition
essential amino acids that must come from foods.
Term
Excessive protein intake can cause strain on
Definition
liver and kidneys and can deplete calcium in their bones
Term
Cholesterol is only in
Definition
animal products
Term
excessive fat intake is harmful for elders because it provides
Definition
calories in a concentrated form with few vitamins, minerals, fiber, etc.
Term
Fiber
Definition
The indigestible part of plants
Term
Soluble fiber
Definition
oats, beans – helps with heart disease
Term
Insoluble fiber helps with
Definition
constipation
Term
Benefits of fiber
Definition
lowers cholesterol levels and stabilizes blood glucose levels. Decreases the risks of cancer, diverticulosis, diabetes and heart disease.
Term
Vitamin A
Definition
vision, skin, mucous membrane function
Term
Vitamin B
Definition
plays role in cell production; breakdown of protein, fat and carbs
Term
Vitamin C
Definition
cell structure, antioxidant & absorption of iron and calcium
Term
Vitamin D
Definition
not a vitamin but is a hormone, sun exposure
Term
Vitamin E
Definition
– prevents and repairs free radical damage to cells
Term
Vitamin K
Definition
promote blood clotting
Term
Are vitamins made in the body?
Definition
nope
Term
Where does vitamin A comes from
Definition
oranges, yellow fruits, veggies, apricots, cantaloupes, sweet potatoes and carrots
Term
Where is vitamin B found?
Definition
a lot of cereals and fortified foods.
Term
Where is Vitamin C found?
Definition
found in citrus fruits, watermelon, brussel sprouts, broccoli.
Term
Where is Vitamin D found?
Definition
; found with sunlight and also oily fish, cod, salmon, tuna, sardines, mackera
Term
Where is Vitamin E found?
Definition
vegetable oils
Term
Where is Vitamin K found?
Definition
leafy green vegetables
Term
Calcium
Definition
bone formation, blood clotting, heart beat regulation,
muscle contraction and neuron function (need the most of)
Term
Chlorine
Definition
maintain the acid base and fluid balance of the body
Term
Chromium
Definition
enables cells to use glucose from bloodstream when insulin is present
Term
Copper
Definition
helps transport oxygen from lungs to body tissues
Term
Iodine
Definition
helps make thyroid hormone to regulate metabolic rate
Term
Iron
Definition
hemoglobin and more
Term
Magnesium
Definition
– required for every major biological process
Term
Phosphorous
Definition
crucial for every cell reaction that releases or uses energy
Term
Potassium
Definition
nerve conduction, muscle contraction, reg. of heart beat, body fluid and balance
Term
Selenium
Definition
strong antioxidant
Term
Sodium
Definition
nerve transmission and muscle contraction; also acid balance
Term
Zinc
Definition
variety of chemical reactions
Term
Where is calcium found?
Definition
dairy products, sardines and collard greens
Term
Where is chlorine found?
Definition
mostly in salt
Term
Chromium is found in what?
Definition
molasses, potatoes, wheat germ, whole grains, mushrooms
Term
Where is copper found
Definition
shellfish, nuts, cocoa, dried beans, mushrooms and whole grains.
Term
Where is iodine found?
Definition
salt
Term
Where is iron found?
Definition
liver, dried beans, raisins, prunes, shellfish and some meats.
Term
Where is magnesium found?
Definition
whole grain cereals, some beans, almonds and spinach.
Term
Where is phosphorus found?
Definition
red meats and many soft drinks
Term
Where is potassium found?
Definition
found in potatoes, raisins, bananas, orange juice, avocadoes, skin milk
Term
Where is selenium found?
Definition
meats and grains
Term
Where is zinc found?
Definition
oysters, seafood and red meat
Term
What do we use as a guide for food intake
Definition
USDA’s Food Guide Pyramid
Term
What is a new component of the pyramid?
Definition
exercise
Term
Three methods of studying diet
Definition
Food records, dietary recall and dietary histories
Term
most respected measures of adult nutrition
Definition
nationwide survey
Term
Nationwide survey
Definition
these surveys are used to determine the prevalence of diseases and serve as the standard for height, weight and blood pressure
Term
One example of a struggle with using surveys
Definition
As with all surveys, you are relying on people to tell the truth and diet is one area where people tend to overestimate the good and underestimate the bad
Term
What is a major setback from the new food technology
Definition
They’re used to making stuff from scratch, now they’re eating pre-packaged food
Term
What percentage of Americans are obese
Definition
50%
Term
Two common nutritional problems for American Elders
Definition
1.Over nutrition
2.Under nutrition
Term
Malnourished people use
Definition
body tissues for energy, have slower metabolic rates, and reduced function of immune system
Term
Elders are often malnourished because
Definition
difficulty eating, shopping and preparing food, they are isolated or lack appetite
Term
Do elders have higher nutritional needs?
Definition
yes
Term
Malnutrition
Definition
inadequate intake of energy-rich foods.
Term
Unintentional weight loss could be tied to many health issues such as
Definition
mental, physical, oral, social
Term
If elders lack appetite, what two things can help
Definition
favorite foods or social situations can help
Term
can be helpful in encouraging elders to take in additional calories
Definition
supplements like bars and shakes
Term
Minerals and supplements are or are not consistent at reducing the risks of cancer
Definition
are not
Term
What foods may reduce the risk of cancer
Definition
Fruits and veggies, especially raw
Term
What food may help with prostate cancer
Definition
cooked tomatoes
Term
What food may help with breast cancer
Definition
soy
Term
What may increase the risk of cancer
Definition
High-fat diets, and those with a lot of additives and preservatives
Term
Cancer ______ the need for nutrients, but can often _______ your appetite
Definition
increases, decrease
Term
1 out of what cancers are diet related
Definition
3
Term
What two supplements are good for reducing the risk of osteoporosis
Definition
Vitamin D and calcium are important for strengthening the bones and reducing fractures
Term
One of the greatest contributors to type II diabetes is
Definition
obesity
Term
DASH diet is for
Definition
hypertension
Term
Heart disease
May be related to a high intake of
Definition
saturated fats
Term
Obesity increases the risk of
Definition
heart disease
Term
What two supplements may decrease heart disease
Definition
Niacin and omega-3 fatty acid
Term
What is dysphagia
Definition
difficulty swallowing
Term
What kinds of food do you feed people with dysphagia
Definition
blending food or turning liquids into pudding-like consistency
Term
Two ways of artificial feeding
Definition
Can feed directly into a vein or the stomach or intestines
Term
Two time frames of artificial feeding
Definition
short term and long term
Term
Three ways to measure level of exercise
Definition
Heart Rate monitors
Talk test
Perceived rate of exertion
Term
Alcohol damages what three things
Definition
the stomach, liver and pancreas
Term
Cigarette smoking increases the need for what?
Definition
nutrients
Term
You should get most of your needed vitamins and minerals from
Definition
food
Term
Seven factors affecting nutritional status
Definition
Physiological factors
Psychological factors
Educational factors
Economic factors
Living arrangements
Cultural attitudes and behaviors
Environmental factors
Term
Federal regulations require a nutritional screening when elders use
Definition
home-health services, hospitals or nursing homes
Term
Oral and dental problems can be associated with
Definition
poor nutrition
Term
Administration of Aging
Definition
allocates funds to help pay for nutrition programs
Term
Congregate meal programs
Definition
community based
Term
In home programs
Definition
(like Meals on Wheels) are for homebound elders
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