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HTH 471 E3 Medication Use
Gerontology
92
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
02/26/2013

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Term
_______ ______ are prescribed more medication than any other age group
Definition
older adults
Term
___% of those 65 and older use at least one drug
Definition
90
Term
Use is ______ among those in hospitals and nursing homes
Definition
higher
Term
women or men use drugs more?
Definition
women
Term
white or black use drugs more?
Definition
black
Term
In 2005, the average yearly cost of medications for those 65 and older was $2,322. Out-of pocket expenses were about
Definition
1,000
Term
why do older adults have more medications?
Definition
a higher prevalence of chronic illness and age related aliments
Term
which ethnic group uses drugs the least often
Definition
Mexican
Term
Medicare Part __ helps cover the costs of prescription medications
Definition
D
Term
Medicare users must pay monthly ______ and meet a yearly _______
Definition
premiums, deductible
Term
Medicare pays ___% of prescription costs up to $2,250 then the user is responsible for all costs up to $3,600 when Medicare pays 95%
Definition
75
Term
2003 more than ___% of chronically ill elders did not fill prescriptions or skipped doses to help meds last longer because of cost.
Definition
25
Term
Medicare premiums: ___$ a month and a year deductible of $_____
Definition
37, 250
Term
After that user pays only 25% of cost until they reach 2, 250. After that they pay full price until 3,600. After that pay only __% of cost the rest of year.
Definition
5
Term
More medications are being used and prescribed for many reasons (5)
Definition
More drugs are on the market to prescribe
Some diseases are more prevalent (obesity)
Medication keeps up with science
Physician’s prescribing practices are influenced
Better marketing by drug companies to doctors and consumers
Term
American would rather take a pill than change
Definition
health behaviors.
Term
Physician’s being influenced by .
Definition
money
Term
Pharmokinetics
Definition
The study of what happens to a drug after it enters the body
Term
Four parts of pharmokinetics
Definition
Drug absorption
Drug distribution
Drug metabolism
Drug excretion
Term
Because all people react to drugs
differently, the patient and physician
should “_____ _____ ____ ____ _____”
Definition
start low and go slow
Term
Drug absorption
Definition
age doesn’t affect absorption; diseases or food or other drugs are more likely to affect it
Term
drug distribution
Definition
age we tend to weigh less, different body fluid and fat and low albumin levels.
Term
Drug metabolism
Definition
as we age we have reduced liver function but that doesn’t have affects
Term
Drug excretion
Definition
no appreciable change in liver excretion with age; kidney function does decrease with age, and drugs circulate long. Doctors need to check kidneys and possibly lower doses.
Term
In order to be available without a prescription, OTC medications: (5 parts)
Definition
Benefits outweigh the risk for most people
Potential for misuse and abuse is low
Consumer can use them for self-diagnosed conditions
They can be adequately labeled
Consumers can use them safely without a doctor
Term
benefits and drawbacks to OTC
Definition
accurately diagnose ourselves, use improperly, over medicate, cover other issues, drug interactions
Term
OTC are overseen by
Definition
FDA
Term
Prescription drugs are FDA
Definition
approved and monitored
Term
Over ________ drugs have been approved
Definition
10,000
Term
Many conditions require more than ____ drug to treat them
Definition
one
Term
Three most commonly prescribed drugs in 2005
Definition
Hydrocodone – pain
Lipitor – high CHO
Amoxicillin - antibiotic
Term
Three most prescribed drugs in 2008
Definition
Hydrocodone – pain
Lisinopril – hypertension
Simvastatin – high CHO
Term
Three most prescribed drugs in 2010 and 2011
Definition
Hydrocodone – pain
Zocor – high CHO
Lisinopril - hypertension
Term
Amoxicillin dropped to __th in 2010
Definition
8
Term
A patent is held for ___ years before a generic version of a drug can be sold
Definition
20
Term
Generic drugs have the same ______ and must meet the same standards of _______
Definition
ingrediants, quality
Term
Generic drugs cost between ____ to ___% less
Definition
30 to 80
Term
About ____ of prescription drugs have generic versions
Definition
50%
Term
Patent means products are sold by that
Definition
company only.
Term
Most states have legislation for pharmacies to sub a generic equivalent unless the physician
Definition
expresses it is not in best interest of the patient
Term
Polypharmacy
Definition
The practice of prescribing multiple medications to a patient, especially if they are unnecessary or redundant medications
Term
Polypharmacy is common among
Definition
elders
Term
Ask patients what drugs they are ____ _______; coordinate medications from _______ ______
Definition
currently taking, multiple doctors
Term
Use the _____ pharmacist each time
Definition
same
Term
Elders are at a ______ risk of adverse reactions.
Definition
increased
Term
Polypharmacy _________ expenses for elders
Definition
increases
Term
Some elders will write down all prescriptions or bring medicine bottles with them to the doctor. Important to let doctor know ALL
Definition
medications and supplements one is taking.
Term
Drug-drug interaction
Definition
When one drug effects a chemical in the body that either lowers or raises the blood level of another drug
Term
Drug-alcohol interaction
Definition
Can make the drug or alcohol more or less effective
Term
Drug-food interaction
Definition
Should you take your meds with or
without food?
Term
Drug-herb interaction
Definition
birth control and st johns wart.
Term
Adverse drug effects
Definition
An undesired or unexpected reaction produced by a medication
Term
Adverse drug effects may cause up to ________ deaths per year
Definition
100,000
Term
Adverse drug effects are caused by
Definition
mistakes, allergies, interactions or the way the drug effects the person
Term
_____ _____ accounts for many adverse effects
Definition
human error
Term
Elders have __________ risk for adverse effects
Definition
greater
Term
Many side effects are not known until the drug is
Definition
on the market
Term
Adverse drug effects costs ___ billion dollars a year
Definition
85
Term
Adverse drug effects can cause
Definition
depression, falls, immobility, confusion and hip fractures.
Term
Human errors for adverse drug interactions include
Definition
such as wrong dose, wring times, interactions with other drugs.
Term
The ___ age group accounts for a higher percentage of hospitalizations and deaths from adverse drug effects than any other age group
Definition
65+
Term
Medication errors
Definition
Human mistakes in handling, preparing or administrating a drug
Term
Five rights of drug administration
Definition
Right time
Right patient
Right drug
Right dose
Right route
Term
_______ _____ are similar to adverse drug effects, and double checking can help
Definition
medication errors
Term
Admitting mistakes and learning
Definition
from the situation.
Term
Not adhering to your physician’s instruction regarding prescriptions is
Definition
non-compliance
Term
Three intentional non compliance
Definition
Saving money
Reducing side effects
Feeling better
Term
Two non-intentional non compliance
Definition
Lack of knowledge
Forgetfulness
Term
Important to _______ ___ an elder is being noncompliant
Definition
understand why
Term
Cannot simply _____ ___ _____ for noncompliance
Definition
blame the patient
Term
____% to _____% of adults 60+ are not following medicine regimens correctly.
Definition
25% to 50%
Term
___% of elder noncompliant is because of forgetfulness, intentional to reduce side effects and to save money
Definition
90
Term
Health professionals must make sure elders understand ____ and can ________ their meds
Definition
how, administer
Term
Check for understanding by asking the patient to
Definition
repeat back to you
Term
Expect to spend more _____, answer more ________ when dealing with elders
Definition
time, questions
Term
Consider using _____ _____-proof caps for ease
Definition
non child
Term
Have _______ that patients can refer back to
Definition
handouts
Term
Elders often take multiple prescriptions and find it difficult to
Definition
remember all the differences
Term
There are many ways to help remember to take medications: (4)
Definition
Place the meds by a toothbrush
Take meds with meals
Organize pills weekly or monthly
Electronic gadgets have been designed to help
Term
Five people responsible to not mess up prescriptions
Definition
physicians
pharmacist
nurse
social worker
elder
Term
Physicians responsibilities
Definition
Understand more about prescribing meds to elders
Term
pharmacists responsibilities
Definition
Help with drug interactions and polypharmacy
Term
Nurses and social workers repsonsibility
Definition
Answer questions and have better patient history
Term
Elders responsibility
Definition
Actively seek information and answers
Term
Physician’s should be more educated on knowing what to ____ the elders and how to _______ the medications.
Definition
ask, explain
Term
Nurses and social workers may see the elder daily so they would be able to recognize any
Definition
changes.
Term
Elder’s responsibility to know
Definition
what meds they are taking and why.
Term
Three types medication information sources
Definition
Physicians desk reference
professional organizations
Government sites
Term
Three government sites
Definition
FDA, National Library of Medicine, National Institute on Aging
Term
Four professional organizations
Definition
The Family Caregiver Alliance, The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP), AARP
Term
Physicians Desk Reference is like the
Definition
drug bible
Term
alternatives to meds
Definition
Exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation and dietary changes are all
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