Term
| Chronic is what amount of time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute is what amount of time? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three aspects of chronic illness |
|
Definition
-Incurable
-Worsen over time
-Endure many years |
|
|
Term
| Two causes of chronic diseases? |
|
Definition
-Lifestyle choices
-Heredity |
|
|
Term
| What is a major cause of death & majority of health care costs in the US |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic diseases are associated with |
|
Definition
| reduced ability to function |
|
|
Term
| How is the function of people with chronic diseases measured? |
|
Definition
| Activities of Daily Living Scale |
|
|
Term
| Although some chronic illnesses have mild symptoms, a majority of them are responsible for extending _______, ________, and a decreased ________ |
|
Definition
| suffering, disability, quality of life |
|
|
Term
| Chronic illness care compromises what percentage of the nation's medical care expenses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Health professionals need to know illnesses, influences on every life, how to ______, ______ and _______ chronic illnesses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five activities of risky youth/middle age that can lead to chronic disease |
|
Definition
Being overweight
Not exercising enough
Smoking cigarettes
Eating an unhealthy diet
Abusing alcohol |
|
|
Term
| Two or more risk factors = |
|
Definition
| “at risk” for chronic condition and more likely to be limited in ability to perform in daily activities |
|
|
Term
| Chronic disease can be tough to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five reasons chronic diseases may be difficult to diagnose |
|
Definition
1. may be no symptoms
2. symptoms may be vague
3. more than one chronic disease can attribute to symptoms
4. Medications may be attributed to be the cause of symptoms
5. Misinterpret symptoms as old age |
|
|
Term
| Four reasons chronic diseases may be tough to manage |
|
Definition
Reduced ability to handle stress
Usually have more than one condition
Increased risk of medication side effects
Not following/understanding doctor’s orders |
|
|
Term
| Reasons why a chronic disease might be tough to manage may also equal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Because chronic illness is ongoing, elders must try to maintain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Miscarried helping can be detrimental to |
|
Definition
the patient and the caregiver and health care professionals need to watch for it
f |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduces coping efectiveness and encourages further decline in function |
|
|
Term
| People may have both a ______ and ______ illnesses. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when diagnosed, family has empathy; optimism fades, increases anxiety to meet needs, and some neglect social engagements, get tired and drained and elder feels guilty. Distress between elder and caregiver can begin as well as anger and frustration. |
|
|
Term
| Chronic Illnesses are hard on elder and family ______, ________ and _______. |
|
Definition
| financially, socially, and emotionally |
|
|
Term
| Elders cope with chronic illness in many different ways depending on what five things |
|
Definition
-extent of illness
-personality
-coping skills
-financial situation
-degree of family support |
|
|
Term
| How elders cope with chronic illness can be said to be a ___________ aspect of chronic disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Heart Disease
Cancer
Stroke
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Diabetes |
|
|
Term
| Heart disease is a result of |
|
Definition
| blood vessels’ inability to carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart which allow it to pump blood effectively |
|
|
Term
| To determine who is at risk for heart disease, health care professionals look at risk factors: |
|
Definition
| age, gender, race, family history, lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| The best thing you can do to prevent heart disease is to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ out of ___ people who die of heart disease are 65+ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gender is more at risk for heart disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Racial risks for heart disease |
|
Definition
| Black more than Whites, higher with Mexican, Indian, Hawaiian and some Asian |
|
|
Term
| How much more of a risk for heart disease do smokers have than non-smokers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| There are ____ symptoms associated with high cholesterol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low density lipoproteins (LDL) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High density lipoproteins (HDL) |
|
|
Term
| Lower cholesterol with _____ first, _________ second |
|
Definition
| lifestyle changes, lipid lower medications second |
|
|
Term
| Medication seem to work on all age groups ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excess lipids thicken blood and accumulate inside artery walls causing atherosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| What is borderline high cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is considered high cholesterol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If HDL is more than 60, then |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 100 to 129 is near optimal or lower optimal |
|
|
Term
| How to treat heart disease with high cholesterol |
|
Definition
| Normally give three months of good nutrition and exercise then placed on medication |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension has _____ symptoms |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is hypertension also known as? |
|
Definition
| the silent killer, high blood pressure |
|
|
Term
| Which gender is more likely to have hypertension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to reduce hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two parts of medications for hypertension |
|
Definition
-may be taken for life
-may have side effects that are noticable |
|
|
Term
| Why are women more likely to have hypertension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five ways (other than weight loss) to reduce hypertension |
|
Definition
| stop smoking, reduce salt, fat and alcohol and increase physical activity. |
|
|
Term
| Uncontrolled high blood pressure causes excessive damage to |
|
Definition
| body organs and blood vessels (including brain). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A slow, progressive condition of the blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| In atherosclerosuis, arteries become narrowed due to |
|
Definition
| build-up of fat and cholesterol, causing inflammation |
|
|
Term
| Deposits in arteries harden, causing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clog an artery leading to heart attack or stroke |
|
|
Term
| Treatment of atheroschlerosis |
|
Definition
| lowering fat intake and cholesterol levels, losing weight |
|
|
Term
| Atheroschlerosis is a ______ condition that can begin as early as childhood in countries with _____ ____ ______. |
|
Definition
| progressive, high fat diets |
|
|
Term
| plaque doesn’t allow walls to ______ or ______ as needed. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Plaque can clog anywhere in the body but most dangerous in |
|
Definition
| coronary arteries, blood vessels going to brain and in arteries leading to the kidneys |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The heart muscles does not get enough blood and this causes pain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable angina can be controlled by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stable angina is a _______ conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Unstable angina occurs at _____ and is an _____ condition |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| to change health behaviors, medications to dilate the blood vessels and sometimes surgery |
|
|
Term
| _______ or _______ and can be associated with pain in the left arm/jaw, sweating, panic, nausea or dizziness. |
|
Definition
| chest pain or chest pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exercise stops, pain subsides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plaque breaks away and almost blocks a coronary artery. NEEDS immediate attention. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A part of the heart starves and dies due to the supply artery becoming completely blocked |
|
|
Term
| Heart attacks are usually not fatal, but can be with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the first sign of a heart attack, |
|
Definition
| an aspirin should be chewed and the patient should seek medical attention immediately |
|
|
Term
| What two treatments can be given in the hospital after the attack? |
|
Definition
| angioplasty or bypass surgery |
|
|
Term
| At home, patients are who have had heart attacks are encouraged to |
|
Definition
| exercise, eat well and can be prescribed medication |
|
|
Term
| Most heart attacks are not fatal but all heart attacks |
|
Definition
| permenantly damage heart tissue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| widen the portion that has dangerously narrowed. |
|
|
Term
| Four types of angioplasty |
|
Definition
-by balloon: deflated balloon
-by laser: laser tipped catheter to vaporize the plaque in the artery
-atherectomy: catheter with rotating shaver to shave off plaque and debris
-wire mesh stent (tube): may be permanently implanted inside the artery to hold it open |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| removes veins from chest or legs and grafts them into arteries needed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A progressive weakening of the heart muscle that reduces its ability to pump effectively |
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest cause of congestive heart failure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the heart cannot pump well, results in either |
|
Definition
| poor output or blood back up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blood cannot get to the vital organs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prevention strategies for congestive heart failure |
|
Definition
| Medications can be prescribed to prevent episodes, but it is important to watch fluid and salt intake, monitor weight and seek help early |
|
|
Term
| Congestive heart failure reduces ______ and limits ______ |
|
Definition
| quality of life, activity |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of people who are diagnosed with congestive heart failure die within five years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two types of cardiac arrhythmia |
|
Definition
| atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrilaltion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| disorganized beat of the upper heart chambers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a quavering at the bottom of the heart and is a life-threatening emergency |
|
|
Term
| What is common a day or two after a heart attack |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cardiac arrhythmia can be helped through |
|
Definition
| implanting a pacemaker or a defibrillator, and prescribed medications |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atrial fibrillation symptoms |
|
Definition
| palpitations and pulse is irregular, can be dangerous if rapid heart beat |
|
|
Term
| Ventricular fibillation is life threatening because |
|
Definition
| heart is unable to pump blood. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| stops the heart if it’s beat is irregular, allowing the heart to restart in a normal rhythm |
|
|
Term
| The risk of developing cancer increases with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| More than half of cancer patients are over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is cancer so hard to diagnose in elders? |
|
Definition
| cancer has no specific symptoms and old people already have a lot of symptoms |
|
|
Term
| Most cancers are treatable, with |
|
Definition
| high survival rates, when found in the early stages. |
|
|
Term
| Cancer is the _______ leading cause of death in the United States |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| __ in ___ will die from cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Seven warning signs of cancer |
|
Definition
change in bowels or bladder
sore that doesn’t heal
unusual bleeding or discharge
thickening or lump
indigestion or difficulty swallowing
obvious change in wart or mole
nagging cough or hoarseness |
|
|
Term
| What five cancers are common in the elderly |
|
Definition
| Lung, colon, rectum, prostate and breast |
|
|
Term
| Single most effective way to prevent cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three treatments for cancer |
|
Definition
| Surgery, radiation, or chemotherapy |
|
|
Term
| Elders tend to suffer more complications from what treatment of cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some complications that elders may experience after surgery to treat cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce pain, alter mood, and induce sleep help patient feel more comfortable |
|
|
Term
| Treatment plan of cancer considers |
|
Definition
| age, rate of cancer growth, type and extent of treatment, state of health, and quality of life |
|
|
Term
| The leading cause of cancer deaths in both men and women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small cell lung cancer and non small cell lung cancer |
|
|
Term
| Which lung cancer is more common and easier to treat |
|
Definition
| non small cell lung cancer |
|
|
Term
| Which lung cancer is more strongly linked with smoking and is more deadly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Warning symptoms of lung cancer |
|
Definition
| chronic cough and shortness of breath |
|
|
Term
| Lung cancers are generally _____ by the time it’s diagnosed, and therefore _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lung cancer is declining because of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Average age of those diagnosed with lunch cancer was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ of lung cancer is attributed to cigarette smoking and environmental factors (asbestos, radon, xray exposure, second hand smoke and air pollution). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of people with lung cancer survive after five years of being diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of people with lung cancer die within the first year of being diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Almost ¾ of breast cancer cases occur in women over |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2nd leading cause of cancer death in women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for breast cancer |
|
Definition
| obesity and inactivity, family history, length of estrogen in the body |
|
|
Term
| Best way to beat breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatment for breast cancer |
|
Definition
| radiation, surgery (lumpectomy, mastectomy), chemotherapy, hormone therapy |
|
|
Term
| Prevention for breast cancer |
|
Definition
| health behavior choices and some medications for those with high-risk factors |
|
|
Term
| Five year survival rate of cancer localized in the breast |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five year survival rate of cancer also in adjacent tissues |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Five year survival rate metastasizes to other parts of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Health Behaviors that can help reduce the risk of breast cancer |
|
Definition
| low fat diet, weight reduction, low alcohol intake and an active lifestyle |
|
|
Term
| Almost all diagnosed prostate cancer cases (97%) occur in men aged |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prostate cancer can be ____ growing and is the _____ leading cause of cancer death in men |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Those diagnosed with prostate cancer can have surgery to _______ or engage in _______ |
|
Definition
| remove the prostate, watchful waiting |
|
|
Term
| How many men die per year from prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many new cases of prostate cancer are men 65+ |
|
Definition
| two thirds of a quarter of a million |
|
|
Term
| Death rates from prostate cancer are twice as high in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Many men die with prostate cancer rather than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer spread outside prostate is more deadly and is managed by |
|
Definition
| hormonal therapy or removal of testes |
|
|
Term
| More than ____ of colorectal cancer cases are diagnosed after age 50 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of colorectal cancer |
|
Definition
| rectal bleeding, constipation, diarrhea or weight loss |
|
|
Term
| Colorectal cancer is more prevalent in American than |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colorectal cancer may be diagnosed through what three ways |
|
Definition
| rectal exam, testing the stool for occult blood, or looking at the colon with a “scope”. |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for colorectal cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Colorectal cancer is strongly related to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What five things may be contributing to colorectal cancer |
|
Definition
| High fat, low fruits and vegs and fiber and alcohol and cigs |
|
|
Term
| Many require ______ after surgery to remove colorectal cancer. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heart attack in the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when a blood clot or clump of cholesterol travels through the bloodstream to the brain blocking the blood supply to brain cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleeding in the brain caused by a broken or leaking blood vessel |
|
|
Term
| About ____ of stroke victims are over 65 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main risk factor for stroke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the third leading cause of death |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Like in a heart attack, in a stroke |
|
Definition
| brain cells are deprived of oxygen and they die. |
|
|
Term
| __% of strokes are Ischemic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Major warning signs of an impending stroke |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ ________ can be given at the hospital during a stroke to help the patient |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| After a stroke, patients are prescribed (3) |
|
Definition
| medication, daily aspirin therapy and lifestyle modifications |
|
|
Term
| Effects of a stroke are variable depending on |
|
Definition
| the portion of the brain effected and length of the stroke |
|
|
Term
| Stroke normally ______ the qaulity of life |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Other than physical, what other effects may also take place after a stroke? |
|
Definition
| emotional and psychological |
|
|
Term
| What treatment is started almost immediately after a stroke? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What may mini strokes result in |
|
Definition
| motor weakness, black outs, speech disturbances or personality changes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transient ischemic attack |
|
|
Term
| Medications can help ________ and reduce impact of stroke. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Emotional effects of a stroke include |
|
Definition
| depression, frustration, and anxiety. |
|
|
Term
| Physical effects of a stroke |
|
Definition
| weakness/paralysis, speech, lose vision and lack of coordination. |
|
|
Term
| Aspirin daily after a stroke is up to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who are more susceptible to chronic lung diseases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why are elders more susceptible to chronic lung diseases |
|
Definition
Been smoking longer/exposed to environmental factors longer
decline reducing pulmonary function |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An obstruction of air flow in the bronchi of the lungs that worsens over time |
|
|
Term
| Umbrella term for most lung conditions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three things can help chronic lung diseases |
|
Definition
| Supplemental oxygen, corticosteroids, bronchodilators |
|
|
Term
| Chronic lung disease increases risk for |
|
Definition
| diabetes, flu, and other chronic conditions |
|
|
Term
| Obstruction n the lungs that is debilitating and causes |
|
Definition
| breathlessness, cough and weakness |
|
|
Term
| Chronic lung diseases affect which gender more? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do chronic lung diseases affect men more then women? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| relax the muscles surrounding the airways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduce inflammation making it easier to breathe. Many possible negative side effects |
|
|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis is common among |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chronic bronchitis has a chronic |
|
Definition
| cough for at least 3 months a year for 2 years |
|
|
Term
| In chronic bronchitis irritation of the respiratory tract increase the ______ _____ further decreasing the airways ability to clear itself |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Irreversible deterioration of the alveoli |
|
|
Term
| Early symptoms of emphysema |
|
Definition
| chronic mild cough, fatigue and loss of appetite. |
|
|
Term
| Later symptoms of emphysema |
|
Definition
| include shortness of breath |
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of emphysema are not often seen until |
|
Definition
| the lungs have been greatly damaged. |
|
|
Term
| deterioration of the alveoli |
|
Definition
| inhale oxygen into lung and exhale carbon dioxide. |
|
|
Term
| Two medications for emphysema |
|
Definition
| such as bronchodilators (to relax muscles) and corticosteroids (reduces inflammation). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bronchi of the lungs are hyperactive and constrict causing reduction of air flow |
|
|
Term
| Some asthma patients may only have symptoms when they are |
|
Definition
| stressed, around allergens, or during exercise |
|
|
Term
| What may reduce symptoms of allergies |
|
Definition
| Steroids, bronchodilators or allergy medicine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A metabolic disorder -difficulty in regulating the production or use of insulin |
|
|
Term
| By age 60, ____ of Americans have diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three ethnic groups are most at risk for diabetes? |
|
Definition
| African American, Hispanic American, and Native Americans |
|
|
Term
| what type of diabetes develops gradually and first appears in middle age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The pancreas produces sufficient insulin but the body cells become resistant to it |
|
|
Term
| Type 1 diabetes is also known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
pancreas stops producing insulin so they have high blood sugar levels and no insulin to help sugar enter cells where needed. Can be deadly.
Can use injections, pump and inhaled |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for diabetes |
|
Definition
| obesity and family history |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes cannot be cured, but can be _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two things diabetics need to do to reduce ther disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three parts of a diabetc diet |
|
Definition
| vegetables, whole grain, and low-fat protein |
|
|
Term
| Medications to help diabetics |
|
Definition
| Medications, oral and injectable including insulin, can be prescribed |
|
|
Term
| Diabetics need to measure |
|
Definition
| their blood sugar several times a day |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes is associated with complications in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The 7th leading cause of death for elders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is diabetes the 7th leading cause of death in elders |
|
Definition
| increases the death rate for other conditions such as heart disease, stroke and kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| What is the most costly chronic disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Estimated that __ in __ Medicare
dollars is spent on people with
diabetes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leading causes of blindness and impotency. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diabetes is most costly because of increased |
|
Definition
| incidence of complications, regular monitoring, drugs, and high use of the health care system. |
|
|
