Term
| Three aspects of acute illness |
|
Definition
Rapid onset
Short-term
Usually recoverable |
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|
Term
| Acute illness is generally caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Takes older people ____ to recover from acute illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diagnosis of infections is harder in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The availability of antibiotics has improved |
|
Definition
| mortality from acute illnesses |
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Term
|
Definition
| Foreign invader (bacteria, virus, fungus, parasite) enters the body and begins to replicate, using the resources of the human host |
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Term
| What happens when the immune system tries to fight an acute infection? |
|
Definition
| fever, chills, inflammation, redness, swelling, pus |
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Term
| __ in __ elders in nursing homes get an infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three complications of acute infections |
|
Definition
Reduced immunity
Diminished pulmonary function to clear foreign matter
Thinner skin = greater risk for wound infection |
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|
Term
| Infections partner with ______ ______, older people have more of this |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some medicines lower resistance to |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Six ways to defend yourself from infection |
|
Definition
WASH YOUR HANDS
Wearing gloves when in contact w/ infection
Wearing masks
Minimizing use of catheters, Ivs, etc.
Vaccinating against flu, pneumonia, whooping cough
Using antibiotics carefully |
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|
Term
| Three downsides of antibiotics |
|
Definition
Many people demand antibiotics and doctors may over-prescribe them, even for viral infections
Over-use of antibiotics results in bacteria becomes resilient creating “super bacteria”
Patients do not take antibiotics as prescribed, stopping before the prescription runs out leaving the most resilient bacteria in the body |
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|
Term
| Elders are ____ likely to get common cold but ________ if infected |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symptoms of the common cold |
|
Definition
| Congestion, runny nose, sneezing/coughing |
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|
Term
| Common cold is a ______ infection on the cells of nose and throat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can increase risk of getting the common cold |
|
Definition
| Stress, poor health, lack of sleep, immobility, hospitalization, and smoking |
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|
Term
| The best way of avoding the common cold is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the flu viral or bacterial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Flu can be _____ to elders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fever, chills, aches, confusion, weakness |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can help, but immunity lasts only a few months and only against specific strains—needed every year |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| OTC medications for symptoms; complications can be treated with antibiotics |
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|
Term
| Acute bronchitis usually follows |
|
Definition
| a cold or flu and is characterized by a productive cough |
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|
Term
| Acute bronchitis is treated with |
|
Definition
| inhalers, and antibiotics in those with immunosuppression |
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|
Term
| Acute bronchitis can progress to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inflammation of the alveoli |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| (sacs where oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange) |
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|
Term
| Inflammation = _____ = shortness of breath |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, chills and difficulty breathing – elders exhibit weakness, confusion and lethargy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| antibiotics– now a vaccine is available, covered by Medicare |
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|
Term
| ______ pneumonia is a threat to elders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most elders who get pneumonia are |
|
Definition
| critically ill and/or living in an institution |
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Term
|
Definition
| small holes in the lining of the esophagus, stomach or intestine |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| bleed (leading to anemia) or cause pain. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| at night or before meals, and may occur with gas or nausea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some ulcers are caused by _____ and are treated with _______. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| To prevent or heal ulcers, watch out for |
|
Definition
| coffee, cola, acid foods, aspirin, smoking or stress |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Stones-calcium or cholest. in the gallbladder that may cause belching, bloating, nausea |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| gallstone blocks a duct to or from the gallbladder |
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|
Term
| The incidence of gallstones increases with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Can diagnose gallstones with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gender is more at risk for gallstones |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Risk factors for gallstones |
|
Definition
| obesity, rapid weight loss, high cholesterol/fat diet, family history |
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|
Term
| Treatment for gall stones |
|
Definition
| surgery or lifestyle modification |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| An inflammation in the appendix caused by bacteria |
|
|
Term
| Appendicitis affects which age group |
|
Definition
usually affects teens and those under 30
A small proportion of cases happen after 60 and complications are higher |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| fever, nausea, abdominal pain– often are not found in elders making diagnoses difficult and death more likely |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common disorder of the colon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About ___ of those 65 and older have diverticular disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A small pouch or diverticulum protrudes through the colon wall. If a piece of food or stool gets trapped in the pouch, diverticulitis occurs, but this is rare V |
|
|
Term
| Symptpms of diverticular disease |
|
Definition
| Ab pain, bloody stools, change in bowel habits |
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|
Term
| Treatment for diverticular disease |
|
Definition
Often a high-fiber diet and increased fluid intake can treat and prevent the disorder, may need surgery
Antibiotics and stool softeners can also be used |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when things get stuck in the pouches and very rare |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Most people have experienced loose, watery stools that run its course in a day or two |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| medication, overuse of laxatives, infection |
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Term
|
Definition
| Increase fluid intake and reduce dehydration, use the BRAT (bananas, rice, apples, and _____) diet |
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|
Term
| If diarrhea does not clear up, it may be a sign of a |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ ____ may occur if diarrhea follows constipation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An infection in the blood stream that affects the entire body = blood poisoning |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| in those who are already debilitated |
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|
Term
| 10th leading cause of death of elders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high/low temp, chills/sweats, confusion, low bp, rapid heartbeat |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| antibiotics, IVs, close monitoring |
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|
Term
| The most common type of bacterial infections in the elderly and in institutions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The bacteria starts at the urethra and can move up into the bladder, kidney, prostate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gender is more likely to have |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cranberry juice and “front to back” wiping can prevent |
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|
Term
| Thinning and drying of vaginal walls make elders more susceptible to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Yeast infections and bacterial vaginosis are common among |
|
Definition
| all women, not just elders |
|
|
Term
| Treatment for vaginal infections |
|
Definition
| Antibiotics, antifungal cream or estrogen cream cure most infections |
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|
Term
| Elders are less likely to get ______ ______ vaginal infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wearing away of skin caused by pressure |
|
|
Term
| Pressure ulcers are usually found in |
|
Definition
| in debilitated elders- can’t shift |
|
|
Term
| Where are pressure ulcers commonly found |
|
Definition
| heels, lower back, knee, pelvis, hip, butt |
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|
Term
| If not treated, bed sores can become _____ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pressure ulcers can develop after |
|
Definition
only a few
hours of pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attentive care is necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful, blistering, red rash caused by a reactivation of the chicken pox virus – a latent infection |
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|
Term
| ___ who live to 85 will have at least one case of shingles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve damage =months/yrs of pain |
|
|
Term
| If elder gets shingles,___ of them get postherpetic neuralgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiviral drug within three days of the rash to help
A vaccine is approved for shingles |
|
|
Term
| Shingles is highly contagious if you've never had |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wearing away of skin caused by pressure |
|
|
Term
| Pressure ulcers are usually found in |
|
Definition
| in debilitated elders- can’t shift |
|
|
Term
| Where are pressure ulcers commonly found |
|
Definition
| heels, lower back, knee, pelvis, hip, butt |
|
|
Term
| If not treated, bed sores can become _____ and ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pressure ulcers can develop after |
|
Definition
only a few
hours of pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| attentive care is necessary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Painful, blistering, red rash caused by a reactivation of the chicken pox virus – a latent infection |
|
|
Term
| ___ who live to 85 will have at least one case of shingles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve damage =months/yrs of pain |
|
|
Term
| If elder gets shingles,___ of them get postherpetic neuralgia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Antiviral drug within three days of the rash to help
A vaccine is approved for shingles |
|
|
Term
| Shingles is highly contagious if you've never had |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sickness that an individual contracts in a hospital or nursing home |
|
|
Term
| Why are nosocomial infections so dangerous |
|
Definition
| Dangerous because they often involve the most resistant bacteria and they attack the most vulnerable patients |
|
|
Term
| Health care workers need to do what to prevent nosocomial infections |
|
Definition
| WASH their HANDS! and practice other good hygiene habits |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When body temperature is 100° F or more |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| body temperature of 105° caused by insufficient sweating, hot, dry skin and altered mental status, can be life-threatening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Must be treated immediately with ice baths and medical personnel should be contacted |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
slower onset
and not life threatening. Caused
by loss of water and salts. Rest
and liquids |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Body temperature drops below 95° F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| “umbles” and shivering. The person may not feel cold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Warm the person up and monitor their breathing |
|
|
Term
| Complication of hypothermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Nineth leading cause of death in elders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ vs. ______comes into play in accident prevention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elders are more likely to have an accident because |
|
Definition
Gait disturbances
Vision and hearing difficulties
Reduced sensation
Confusion/disorientation
Multiple medications and illnesses
Environmental conditions |
|
|
Term
| Falls account for ____ of all accidental deaths |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common injury with a fall |
|
Definition
| is bone fracture – Hip fractures are the most debilitating |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Urgent need to urinate
Walking aids hinder |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Restraints do not prevent |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _______ covers annual health risk assessments and customized prevention plans! |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Eight ways to prevent falls in elders |
|
Definition
Maintain adequate lighting
Clear out any rugs and wires
Handlebars in bathroom
Replace slippery floors
Walker
Use an extension device
Don’t rush to answer the telephone
Consider using a mobile help device |
|
|
Term
| Elders drive the ____, but account for the _____ accidents on a per mile basis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Increased risk of driving problems |
|
Definition
Vision problems
Chronic illnesses
Medications
Health crisis while driving |
|
|
Term
| Driving represents ______ and it is difficult to admit that you cannot drive |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The majority of accidents occur at |
|
Definition
| crosswalk intersections, often with no traffic lights or stop signs |
|
|
Term
| Elders often are not fast enough to cross on a green walk light. What percent can make it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____ can be difficult to navigate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most fatal pedestrian accidents happen at _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elders ________ are more likely to die from suffocation or choking |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Most victims cannot speak and they
attempt to grab at the throat, some
suddenly stop eating and pass out |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abdominal thrusts, back slaps and compressions can help |
|
|
Term
| With elders, most fires start from |
|
Definition
| faulty electrical products or while cooking |
|
|
Term
| Most deaths occur because of gas or smoke inhalation, not ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Burns due to ______ are more common than burns from ____ (reduced perception of pain and heat) |
|
Definition
|
|
