Term
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Definition
| the theoretical limit on the length of life |
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Term
| What is the longest that people are said to be able to live |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the number of years an individual can expect to live |
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Term
| What is life expectancy based off of |
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Definition
| birth, age, gender, race, culture and health behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
Period of reduced function, disability and illness
Compression morbidity |
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Term
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Definition
| sanitation, vaccinations, antibiotics, increase survival of infants, young children and birthing women. |
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Term
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Definition
| calculate life expectancy of people from various states, ages, races and educational levels, with several health habits. Then they use the statistics based on groups of people and averages |
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Term
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Definition
| changing one variable at a time |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| studying individuals who live to be more than 100, their siblings, and their children to try to understand what factors are associated with extreme aging. |
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Term
| Three ways heredity affects longevity |
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Definition
| Parenting styles, old relatives, human genome project |
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Term
| Three reasons why females may live longer than males |
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Definition
| hormones, more risky behavior, x chromosome |
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Term
| Why may minorities experience more health problems |
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Definition
Minorities are often poor, less educated, have poorer living situation, less insurance, worse diet and worse jobs
Minorities/poor may face higher stress levels and discrimination |
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Term
| What is the leading cause of preventable death in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Reduces bone density in postmenopausal women
Increases risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Increases risk of hip fractures
Increases risk of cataracts |
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Term
65-year old smoker who quits
gains how many years life expectancy |
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Definition
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Term
| Obesity is correlated with an increased risk of |
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Definition
| premature death and disability |
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Term
| High levels of physical activity are associated with low or high death rates from all causes of mortality? |
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Definition
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Term
| Light consumption (1-2 drinks/day) may be associated with |
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Definition
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Term
| Heavy drinking (3+drinks/day) is associated with |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| liver damage, nutritional deficiencies, cardiovascular problems, nervous system conditions, suicide, accidents and certain cancers. |
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Term
| People married at the time of their deaths lived longer or shorter than those widowed or divorced? |
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Definition
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Term
| Marriage may promote longevity because |
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Definition
You have a friend for help and reduction of stress
Marriage promotes healthful habits
Sex is more frequent in a married relationship |
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Term
| Three ways personality may influence longevity |
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Definition
A negative personality is comparable to high blood pressure
A negative person may also chose life-shortening behaviors
A calm person may live longer |
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Term
| People in middle and upper classes live longer or shorter than those in the lower classes |
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Definition
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Term
| More income may mean more money spent on |
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Definition
| health, better living conditions (also health care) |
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Term
| Higher education may mean more |
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Definition
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Term
People from developed countries have higher life expectancy than those from less-developed countries
Often associated with |
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Definition
| high rates of infant and maternal morality |
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Term
| Four more reasons why people in developing countries may live longer than those in less developed countries |
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Definition
| sanitation, prevalence of infectious disease, dietary factors, access to health care |
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Term
| Two things from the environment which hurt health |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| impairs cell growth and accelerates the aging process |
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Term
| How many types of cells are there in a human body? |
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Definition
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Term
| Genes are located on what and in what |
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Definition
| chromosomes (DNA) and in the nucleas |
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Term
| Genes tell _____ what to do |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cap at the end of DNA called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| any alter in the genetic code |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are two examples of cells that are post mitotic |
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Definition
| neurons and some muscle cells |
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Term
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Definition
A physiological decline in many body systems
An increased prevalence of disease |
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Term
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Definition
Random Theory of Aging
Programmed Theory of Aging |
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Term
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Definition
| The environment causes mutations in cells leading to errors and damage to the cells that weaken the ability to function and divide, thus causing aging |
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Term
| In the Random Theory of aging, what makes the chromosomes function less efficiently |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Wear and Tear Theory suggests |
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Definition
| that years wear cells out |
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Term
| Four Aspects of Random Theory |
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Definition
-Cross linking
-Wear and Tear
-Free radical
-Accumulation of errors |
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Term
| What is the free radical theory |
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Definition
| Damage from highly reactive molecules within the cell causes aging |
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Term
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Definition
toxic byproduct of cell metabolism
that are also created through diet or environment |
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Term
| What does the body produce to inactivate free radicals |
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Definition
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Term
| Free radical damage to the cell’s DNA and less ability to repair damage can lead to |
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Definition
| errors in the genetic material |
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Term
| Examples of enzymes which inactivate free radicals |
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Definition
-Melatonin produced by the body
-Vit E
-Vit C
-Vit A
-Selenium |
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Term
| What is the accumulation of errors theory |
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Definition
| Accumulation of mutations causes aging |
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Term
| Biological Clock (Pacemaker) Theory |
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Definition
| suggests we are programmed from birth to shut down at a specific time |
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Term
| Hypothalamus links nervous system and endocrine system by |
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Definition
| sending chemical messages to pituitary gland. |
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Term
| Pituitary gland sends messages to |
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Definition
| other endocrine glands of the body |
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Term
| Hypothalamus regulates the hormones of what? |
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Definition
| ovaries, testes, adrenal glands and thyroid glands. |
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Term
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Definition
| differentiate “foreign” from “self” and combat invaders. As we age, the system declines and produce cells that make mistakes and have a possible increased rate of cancer, inefficiency and cell death. |
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Term
| How many times do cells divide? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the telomere is too short, |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| enzyme that helps keep telomeres long, also found in cancer cells |
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Term
| Five "miracle" ways to extend life |
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Definition
Anti-aging medicine
caloric restriction
Antioxidant theory
DHEA
HGH |
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