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HTH 423 GIS and Global Health
Contemporary Healt Issues
30
Health Care
Undergraduate 4
02/06/2013

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Cards

Term
GIS
Definition
Collection of science and technology tools used to manage geographic relationships and integrate information
Term
GIS helps us
Definition
analyze spatially-referenced data and make well-informed decisions based on the association between the data and the geography
Term
GIS refers to both the ______ and ______ that make up the system of digital databases and layered maps.
Definition
software and hardware
Term
What two types of data can GIS use
Definition
Spatial data + Non-spatial data
Term
With GIS we can (5)
Definition
Draw maps and visualize spatial distributions
Edit and alter existing data
Accurately measure distances and areas
Overlay maps of different areas
Internet GIS for public access
Term
Three ways GIS can help public health
Definition
Research tools and planning
Spatial Decision Support Systems
Emergency Response Systems
Term
Research Tools and Planning
Definition
Constructing mathematical models
Service planning and optimisation
Making predictions
Term
Spatial Decision Support System
Definition
Infrastructure – roads, towns, services
Census – population statistics
Medical resource (hospitals, clinics, available beds
Term
Emergency Response systems
Definition
Medicare records, 911 services
disease registers systems
Term
Monitoring
Definition
scrutiny over space and time
Term
Through surveillance, a picture of disease activity is developed like
Definition
Geographic distribution of disease
Patterns, clustering and hot spots
Term
GIS can provide ______ _______ and __________
Definition
data management and visualization
Term
Requirement
Definition
infrastructure and data update
Term
GIS has great potential in what three things
Definition
Epidemiological research
Communicable disease control
Health service planning and optimization
Term
Three limitations of GIS
Definition
Communication Gaps between epidemiologists & spatial professionals
Require uniform data standards
Privacy issues and spatial aggregation
Term
Uniform data standards
Definition
Unit record data access
Consistent and meaningful areal units
Enable consistency & comparison
Term
Global Burden of Disease
Definition
Gap between current health status and an ideal situation in which everyone lives to old age free of disease and disability.
Term
Gap between current health status and an ideal situation in which everyone lives to old age free of disease and disability.
Definition
Increasing premature mortality & morbidity rates
Disability
Exposure to certain risk factors that contribute to illness
Term
Global Health diplomacy
Definition
Includes public health, international affairs, management, law, and economics and focuses on negotiations that shape and manage the global policy environment for health
Term
The relationship between ____, ____ ____ and _____ is at the cutting edge of global health diplomacy
Definition
health, foriegn policy, and trade
Term
Two goals of Global Health Diplomacy
Definition
To support the development of a more systematic and proactive approach to identify and understand key current and future changes impacting global public health.

To build capacity among Member States to support the necessary collective action to take advantage of opportunities and mitigate the risks for health.
Term
Endemic area
Definition
A geographical region where a particular disease is prevalent
Term
Epidemic
Definition
Affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time.
Term
epidemic occurs when
Definition
the incidence rate of a certain disease substantially exceeds what is "expected," based on recent experience.
Term
Incidence rate
Definition
new cases in a given human population, during a given period
Term
Pandemic
Definition
Epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large region, such as a continent.
Term
Emerging Infections
Definition
An infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and threatens to increase in the near future
Term
Reasons for Emerging Infections
Definition
Microbial adaption (strains, antibiotic resistance)
Changing human susceptibility (immunocompromised)
Climate & weather change (insect vectors & humid conditions)
Changing human demographics & trade
Economic development
Breakdown of public health (Haiti—poor sanitation)
War & famine
Bioterrorism (2001 Anthrax attacks)
Term
Social Diseases
Definition
Stigma, poverty, and discrimination often affect the transmission and outcome of diseases
Term
Three examples of social diseases
Definition
HIV
TB
Hepatitis
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