Term
| Significance of the problem |
|
Definition
| Possible implications of what the results of the study will mean to the specific area under investigation |
|
|
Term
| A discussion of how studies results will be useful in solving ______ and answering ________ in the general field is also included. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Introduction should include the applications of the results of the study to |
|
Definition
| health science practitioners |
|
|
Term
| If the findings of the investigation will benefit those in the field, then this should be stated in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The problem’s significance convinces the reader that |
|
Definition
| the experiment is worthy and should be carried out by the investigator. |
|
|
Term
| Introduction is condensed in ____ style article |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Detailed description designed to allow replication of work |
|
|
Term
| Procedure includes information on __________, ______, or ___________ procedures (as appropriate) |
|
Definition
| experimental, survey, evaluation |
|
|
Term
| The methodology usually begins with a description of the |
|
Definition
| sample used in the study. |
|
|
Term
| A discussion of how the subjects were selected should be integrated into what section? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Methodology-subject the population from which the sample was drawn should be described and methods of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Detailed description of subjects is necessary so that the reader can determine |
|
Definition
| if the research sample is representative and can be generalized to other, similar populations |
|
|
Term
| He or she may be able to apply the results to another ______, or even ________ the study |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Information such as sex, age, educational level, socioeconomic status, place of residence, should be included in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Are used to assess achievement, behavior change, attitude, or some other construct |
|
|
Term
| In this section, a detailed description of instruments used to collect the data is given. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Instruments can also be new or adapted from other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the instrument was new then the instrumentation section of the paper must be more |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The ________ phase must be explained if the instrument is new, including the way in which the measure was ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Data analysis section is sometimes included within the _________ section instead |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Presentation of the findings |
|
Definition
| Results of statistical tests and hypotheses (including tables) |
|
|
Term
| Three parts of the discussion |
|
Definition
Compare results to other studies
(those mentioned in your literature review)
Include limitations
Implications to theory
Implications to practitioners |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the Nuremburg code established |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Nuremburg code attempted to provide guidelines to |
|
Definition
| prevent future atrocities in human research. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subject Research |
|
|
Term
| The Belmont Report was released in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Has since been revised and approved by _____ in ______ and called Title 45, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 46, Protection of Human Subjects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| governs federally supported research |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Informed consent entails making the subject fully aware of the research project and obtaining permission from the subject to go ahead with the project. |
|
|
Term
| A research project does not become _______ because it produces valuable data |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| It is ethical or unethical from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Researchers must look beyond the ______ of an investigation into all the _______ aspects involved in research. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| As a professional, the health scientist must act in a fashion that is ________ to subject protection and _______ of the professional. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| responsibility and a privilege. |
|
|
Term
| What two federal agencies have complete sets of regulations about the review of research involving human subjects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| To ensure compliance with the regulations, the government requires each institution conducting research to establish an |
|
Definition
| Institutional Review Board (IRB). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Descriptive methodologies in which the results reveal what is happening in a particular occurrence |
|
|
Term
| Survey research includes ______, ______, ________, and _________ conditions that presently exist |
|
Definition
| recording, describing, analyzing, and interpreting |
|
|
Term
| Survey research reveals relationships |
|
Definition
| between non-manipulated variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appropriate statistical tests for hypothesis so we will have meaningful results |
|
|
Term
| In an internet survey, the important questions are |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Internet survey can include what two types of questions |
|
Definition
Forced answer
Open-ended questions |
|
|
Term
| Two types of online survey |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two types of telephone surveys |
|
Definition
Systematic sample of phone book + 1
Random-digit dialing |
|
|
Term
| Telephone surveys collect and record data using |
|
Definition
CATI
Computer assisted telephone interview |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Provides fixed alternative |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Response categories are not specified |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| question to which there can only be one of two answers, often ``yes'' or ``no'' |
|
|
Term
| Double barreled questions |
|
Definition
| It is committed when someone asks a question that touches upon more than one issue, yet allows only for one answer |
|
|
Term
| Put _______ questions and ________ questions near the end |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Logical order of questions |
|
Definition
Simpler before more difficult
Present tense first |
|
|
Term
| ________ reliability-check questions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Non-experimental research that examines relationships between variables |
|
|
Term
| Casual comparative research |
|
Definition
| Comparisons between two or more groups and one independent variable to identify possible cause-and-effect relationships |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Designed to establish true cause-and-effect relationship |
|
|
Term
| A correlational study examines the extent to which |
|
Definition
| differences in one characteristic or variable are related to one or more other characteristics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| RELATIONSHIPS not causation |
|
|
Term
| Definition of correlation |
|
Definition
| The linear relationship between two variables |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A statistic that indicates the direction and magnitude of the relationship between two variables.
Average distance of data from line of best fit (regression line). |
|
|
Term
| Interpreting correlation coefficients |
|
Definition
Coefficients vary from -1.00 to +1.00:
Direction is indicated by coefficient sign.
Magnitude is indicated by coefficient value |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Average distance of data from line of best fit (regression line). |
|
|
Term
| Nominal data correlation statistic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ordinal data correlation statistic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scale data correlation statistic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In casual comparative research |
|
Definition
| Investigators attempt to determine the cause or consequences of differences that already exist between or among groups of individuals |
|
|
Term
| In casual comparative research groups already ____ and “treatment” has already happened (no manipulation by the ________) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Two types of sampling techniques |
|
Definition
Probability
Non-probability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of selecting units (e.g., people, organizations) from a population of interest so that by studying the sample we may fairly generalize our results back to the population from which they were chosen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - unspecified by time or place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specified by time or place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – those who are accessible (the sampling frame) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
– part taken as representative of the survey population
Some of the participants
Group of elements (i.e. persons),or a single element, from which data are or have been obtained |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A list of all the persons from whom the sample is to be drawn |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| element or set of elements considered to be part of the sample (Babbie, 1992); may be an individual, organization, or geographical area |
|
|
Term
| Careful definition of the survey population = |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selection of a sample from the survey population. Use |
|
Definition
| probability or nonprobability methods |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Observation or measurement of the variable in the sample population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Estimation of the variable in the population |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurements taken in the sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| measurements taken in the sample |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all elements of the survey population have an equal chance or probability of being selected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Unknown probability of selection:
they are available, accessible, or have characteristics in which the researcher is interested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Equal chance of being selected; need sampling frame
Random number table |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uses list in random order;
Select at a constant interval (N/n) after random start |
|
|
Term
| Proportional stratified random sampling |
|
Definition
| divide into sub-groups (strata); select SRS from strata in proportion to strength of strata in population |
|
|
Term
| Non-proportional stratified random sampling |
|
Definition
| divide into strata; select SRS from strata |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| – SRS of groups not individuals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes accessible subjects; forgoes representativeness |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purposefully select individuals who they believe are good sources of information |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes those identified by planners & others referred by initial subjects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes those chosen in approximate proportion to the population traits they represent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes those motivated to self-select |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| includes those selected because of unique trait |
|
|
Term
| Remember that there is ALWAYS ______ in sampling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Volunteers vs. non-volunteers |
|
Definition
| Most volunteers are well educated, have a higher SES, more sociable, more unconventional, more intelligent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Subjects are motivated for various reasons and this may affect the research. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Enough subjects to get the information that you need to answer your research question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Type of sampling error that is controlled or influenced by the researcher to result in misleading findings |
|
|
Term
| The selection of subjects should be free of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selection procedures should be appropriate for the |
|
Definition
| problem being investigated |
|
|
Term
| _________ studies should have informative and knowledgeable subjects |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conclude there is a relationship when there is not one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conclude there is not a relationship when there is one. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| specifies a directional relationship between groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| there was a difference between groups, but, would make no reference to the direction of the effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sample size decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the sample size increases, beta decreases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| magnitude of the differences |
|
|
Term
| The larger the effect size, |
|
Definition
| the fewer people you need to find a statistically significant difference |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a process of assigning numbers to various responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the process of making sure that respondents only answer applicable questions |
|
|
