Term
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Definition
symptoms
diagnosis
determination of cause
treatment
cure |
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Definition
Usually the only symptoms of mental disorders are behavioral
Behaviors are varied and can have many causes |
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Definition
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| Psychoactive drugs are used to control symptoms of |
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Definition
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| Researchers seek to identify _______ ___________associated with specific mental disorders |
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Definition
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| APA Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) provides |
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Definition
criteria for classifying mental disorders
Includes hundreds of specific diagnostic categories
Widely used classification system |
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Definition
| disorders—characterized by excessive worry, fears, or avoidance |
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Definition
| a serious mental disorder involving loss of contact with reality |
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Definition
| chronic psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech and behavior, and lack of emotional response; causes significant interference with social and/or occupational functioning |
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Definition
| characterized by depressed or manic symptoms |
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| Three types of mood disorder |
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Definition
Major depression
Manic episodes
Bipolar disorder |
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Term
| In the early twentieth century, many psychotic patients were suffering from __________ _________ of the nervous system (general paresis) |
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Definition
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Term
| Fever associated with malaria was thought to |
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Definition
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| Antibiotics were developed that cured |
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Definition
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Definition
| depressants used to induce sleep |
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Term
| Intravenous thiopental sodium (“truth serum”) used during |
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Definition
| psychotherapy to help patients express themselves |
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Term
| Electro convulsive therapy |
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Definition
| it was incorrectly believed that inducing convulsions with drugs or electric shocks would cure schizophrenia |
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Term
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Definition
| severely disturbed patients |
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Term
| Phenothiazines also called |
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Definition
| tranquilizers, neuroleptics, or antipsychotics |
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Term
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Definition
| Reduce psychotic symptoms without causing sedation |
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Term
| Following introduction of drug therapy, restraints and treatments like convulsive therapy were _______ or ______________ among hospitalized patients |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment with phenothiazines found to be more effective than a |
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Definition
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| Patients relapse when therapy is |
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Definition
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Term
| Two groups of antipsychotics |
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Definition
Conventional (introduced before mid-1990s)
Atypical (introduced in the past 10 years) |
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Term
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Definition
| pseudoparkinsonism, indicating a link to dopamine receptors |
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Term
| ______ ______ in drug effects indicates that the mechanism of action is probably more complex |
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Definition
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Term
| Atypical antipsychotics block both |
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Definition
| D2 dopamine and 5HT2A serotonin receptors |
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Term
| Atypical antipsychotics produce less |
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Definition
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Term
| Side effects of anti-psychotics |
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Definition
Some allergic reactions (jaundice, skin rashes)
Photosensitivity (easily sunburned)
Agranulocytosis (low white blood cell count)
Movement disorders (tremors, muscle rigidity, shuffling walk, masklike face)
Tardive dyskinesia |
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Term
| Even patients experiencing success tend to |
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Definition
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Term
| Short-term efficacy exists, but long-term appears to be |
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Definition
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Term
| No clear evidence that ________ antipsychotics work better than ___________ |
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Definition
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Term
| When used in children there is a high risk of |
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Definition
| weight gain and metabolic changes |
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Term
| Elderly patients with dementia have a significant increase in |
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Definition
| death risk from cardiovascular and other problems. |
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Term
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Definition
| phenelzine, tranylcypromine |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants include |
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Definition
| amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline |
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Term
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Definition
| fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine |
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Term
| MAOs were discovered when |
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Definition
| a drug for tuberculosis was found to also elevate mood |
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Term
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Definition
| increasing the availability of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine |
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Term
| MAO's have limited use because of |
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Definition
| side effects and toxicity |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants were discovered when |
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Definition
| researchers were working to create a better phenothiazine antipsychotic and found a drug that improved mood |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants may work by |
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Definition
| reducing the uptake (and thereby increasing the availability) of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin |
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Term
| Tricyclic antidepressants Not effective in all patients, but they reduce the |
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Definition
| severity and duration of depressive episodes |
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Term
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Definition
| reducing the uptake (and thereby increasing the availability) of serotonin |
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Term
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Definition
| tricyclic antidepressants, less likely to lead to overdose deaths |
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Term
| SSRIs are only a little more effective than a |
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Definition
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Term
| SSRIs have strong warning from FDA about |
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Definition
| about an increased risk of suicidal tendencies in children and adolescents |
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Term
| Antidepressants appear to work by |
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Definition
| increasing the availability of norepinephrine or serotonin |
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Term
| A ____ _______ before improvement in mood is seen |
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Definition
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Term
| Most effective treatment for relieving severe depression |
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Definition
| electroconvulsive therapy |
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Term
| Best treatment choice in cases with a risk of suicide |
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Definition
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Term
| Lithium: Approved for U.S. sale in |
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Definition
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Term
| Early studies found Lithium to be effective in______ patients |
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Definition
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Term
| Acceptance of lithium was slow in US because |
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Definition
Previous history of poisonings
Low perception of seriousness of mania
U.S. drug approval and sale process |
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Term
| Lithium has a high rate of |
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Definition
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Definition
| Normalizes mood in bipolar patients, preventing both mania and depressed mood swings |
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Term
| Other mood stabilizers are |
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Definition
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| Number of people in mental hospitals ________ dramatically following the introduction of drugs that control the symptoms of schizophrenia to a great degree |
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Definition
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Term
| These were set up to treat patients closer to home in a more natural environment at less expense |
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Definition
| Outpatient community mental health programs |
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Term
| Changes for psychiatrists |
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Definition
Less time spent doing psychotherapy
Priority and emphasis on establishing an appropriate drug regimen |
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Term
| Civil rights issues related to hospitalization |
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Definition
Indefinite commitment to a hospital is unconstitutional
Periodic review of a patient’s status helps determine if patient presents a danger to self or others |
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Term
| Problems with drug treatment |
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Definition
Patients may have well-controlled symptoms while on medication in a hospital but may stop taking medication upon release
Unmedicated patients, although not overtly dangerous, may still be too ill to care for themselves |
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Term
| More mentally ill persons are _____ each year than are admitted to state mental hospitals |
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Definition
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| About _____ of all homeless people have some form of serious mental illness |
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Definition
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