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| Most widely used psychoactive dru |
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| Can cause ___________ and interfere with ___________ |
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| Belongs to a class of chemicals known as |
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| breathable caffeine (sprayed into mouth) |
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| Three plants containing xanthines have been used by humans for thousands of years: |
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Definition
Coffee—from the Middle East
Tea—first grown in China
Cacao—from the Americas |
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| Coffee consumption in America increased after |
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Definition
the tea taxation/American Revolution
during and after the prohibition |
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| Coffee consumption in America decreased after |
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Definition
| Soft drink consumption increased |
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| Coffee consumption in America peaked in |
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| We drink about ___ gallons of coffee per year |
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Definition
| people chewed on coffee beans or put raw beans in hot water |
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| Roasting coffee improves the |
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| flavor, aroma, and color of the drink made from the beans |
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| Coffeehouses and individuals originally ________ and ______ their own beans |
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| Vacuum packing for long-term storage of ground coffee |
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Definition
| Soaking unroasted beans in an organic solvent removes the caffeine |
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| Alternative Swiss water process to decaffeinate coffee not widely used because |
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Definition
| it removes more of the coffees flavor |
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| Caffeine removed from coffee is used in the manufacture of |
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| the roasted and ground beans |
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Definition
| Strong black coffee made by forcing steam through ground coffee beans |
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Definition
| Espresso coffee mixed or topped with steamed milk or cream |
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Definition
| coffee made with hot milk |
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Definition
| Roasted and then finely ground coffee beans are boiled in a pot usually with sugar, and served in a cup where the grounds are allowed to settle |
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Definition
| half regular coffee and half decaf |
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| The caffeine content of coffee depends on how |
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Term
| Annual per capita tea consumption in the united kingdom |
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Definition
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| Annual per capita tea consumption in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| Tea starts its life on a four- to five-foot bush high in the mountains of |
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Definition
| China, Sri Lanka, India or Indonesia. |
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Term
| Bushes are regularly _______ to aid in harvesting new growth |
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Definition
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| Tea leaves are picked by hand, about every ___ to ___ days |
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Definition
| is greenish-brown and consists of partially oxidized leaves |
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| Iced tea accounts for ___ percent of all tea consumed in the U.S. |
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Definition
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| Flavored teas are mixtures of tea and |
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Definition
| mint, spices, or other flavors |
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Term
| Herbal teas contain a mix of plant leaves and flowers but no actual |
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| Pound for pound, tea has _____ caffeine than coffee |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Tea has about ___ to ___ mg of caffeine per cup depending on the type and strength of the brew |
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| Tea contains a very small amount of |
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Term
| theophylline in high doses is used for |
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| Prior to 1828, the traditional ______ chocolate process was still used |
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Definition
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Definition
Cacao pods were dried in the sun, then roasted to remove the husk
Kernels were ground to obtain a thick liquid (baking chocolate) |
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Definition
| Dutch patent issued for a process that removes about two-thirds of the fat (cocoa butter) and produces a powder |
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Definition
| Milk chocolate introduced by the Swiss |
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Definition
| A mixture of cocoa butter, sugar, and chocolate powder can be formed into slabs or bars |
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Definition
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| Chocolate contains the unique xanthine |
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Definition
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Definition
| It acts in a parallel fashion to caffeine, but it is much less potent in its CNS effects |
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Term
| An average cup of cocoa contains about __ mg of caffeine |
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Definition
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Term
| Coca cola was first developed as a _____ _____ in _____ ______ |
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Definition
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| Coca cola originally named two flavoring agents |
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Definition
| coca leaves and cola (kola) nuts |
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Term
| Up until 1906, coca cola did contain a small amount of |
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Definition
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| U.S. per capita soft drink consumption is about ___ gallons per year |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Caffeine
Theophylline
Theobromine |
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Term
| Rapid absorption if taken |
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Definition
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| Two points of caffeine dependence |
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Definition
Reinforcing properties
Withdrawal symptoms include headache and fatigue |
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Definition
| Xanthines block inhibitory receptors for adenosine, thereby having a stimulant effect |
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Definition
| Helps relieve both migraine and nonmigraine headaches |
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Definition
| High doses may decrease hyperactivity |
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| Caffeine does ____ lower blood alcohol concentration and will not help a person sober up |
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Definition
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Definition
| Caffeine partially offsets the effects of fatigue on both mental and physical tasks, but it may not improve performance in well-rested individuals |
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Term
| High caffeine consumption among college students is associated with _____ academic performance |
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Definition
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| There is no clear evidence that _________ caffeine consumption is dangerous |
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Definition
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| Caffeine is ____ a risk factor in human cancer |
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Definition
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| High consumption of caffeine _______ a woman’s chances of becoming pregnant and _____ the growth of the fetus |
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Definition
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| High intake of caffeine may increase the risk of ______ _______, particularly in people with other risk factors |
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Definition
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Definition
| excessive use of caffeine |
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| It would require about ____ cups of coffee to receive a fatal dose from oral caffeine |
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