Term
| Fetal alcohol syndrome occurs 1 in every how many births? |
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Definition
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Term
| Alcohol related defects occurs 1 in every how many births? |
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Definition
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Term
| What made the government change from the laissez-faire attitude of the 1800s to one of control? |
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Definition
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Term
| What research findings made the government change from the laissez-faire attitude of the 1800s to one of control? |
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Definition
Toxicity associated with the drugs
Dependence, physical or psychological
Crime increased when people used or abused the drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| poison, deadly, or dangerous |
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Term
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Definition
Amount used
How it is used
What the user did while on the drug |
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Term
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Definition
Physiological toxicity
Behavioral toxicity |
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Term
| Two types of toxic effects? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drug abuse warning system |
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Term
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Definition
| A system for collecting data on drug-related deaths and emergency room visits at some U.S. metropolitan hospitals |
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Term
| What does DAWN collect data on? |
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Definition
| collects data on improper use of legal prescription and over-the-counter drugs as well as illicit drugs |
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Term
| When is alcohol reported? |
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Definition
Alcohol is reported only in combination with other drugs
Drug-alcohol and drug-drug combinations are very common |
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Term
| DAWN ER visits are normally caused by |
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Definition
Cocaine
Alcohol-in-combination
Marijuana
Prescription Opioids
Benzodiazepines |
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Term
| DAWN deaths are normally caused by |
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Definition
Prescription Opioids (not heroin)
Cocaine
Alcohol-in-combination
Benzodiazepines
Methadone |
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Term
| What does DAWN say about how dangerous drugs are |
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Definition
| Simply gives us total deaths/ER visits |
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Term
| What does DAWN not tell us? |
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Definition
Consider relative danger vs. total impact of the drug
Number of users vs. number of reported problems |
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Term
| Blood-borne illness has a specific toxicity for who? |
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Definition
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Term
| What four diseases are high risk for injectors? |
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Definition
| AIDS, HIV infection, and hepatitis B and C |
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Term
| Sharing needles passes what |
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Definition
| infectious agents directly into the bloodstream |
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Term
| Places which people can safely shoot up are called |
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Definition
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Term
| Three basic processes of substance dependence? |
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Definition
Tolerance – over time, tolerance builds. How much of the drug you can take until you “feel” it
Physical dependence - withdrawal
Psychological dependence– the craving, or “the want” of the drug |
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Term
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Definition
Diminished effect on the body after repeated use of the same drug
The body develops ways to compensate for the chemical imbalance caused by the drug |
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Term
| Which drug builds up tolerance most quickly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Trying to get to the level of your first high is called |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Physical dependence is defined by the occurrence of a withdrawal syndrome |
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Term
| Tolerance typically precedes what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior is reinforced by the consequences |
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Term
| What seems to have the highest psychological dependencey? |
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Definition
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Term
| What has the most potentially fatal withdrawal? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| true addiction involves physical dependence; key is treatment of withdrawal symptoms (general public saw it as a personal weakness) |
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Term
| Positive reinforcement model |
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Definition
| drugs can reinforce behavior without physical dependence |
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Term
| What is increasingly viewed as the driving force behind repeated drug use. |
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Definition
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Term
| If psychological dependence is increasingly viewed as the driving force behind repeated drug use, what does this refute? |
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Definition
| drugs that aren't physically addicting aren't addicting |
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Term
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Definition
| A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by one or more of the following occuring in the same 12 month period |
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Term
| Four potential things of substance abuse |
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Definition
Recurrent use with the inability to fulfill major obligations
Using in situations where it is physically dangerous for them to use
Substance related legal problems
Continued use despite recurrent social and interpersonal problems |
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Term
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Definition
| A maladaptive pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress as manifested by three or more of the following occurring in the same 12 month period |
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Term
| What are some of the things of substance dependence |
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Definition
Tolerance
Withdrawal
Larger amounts or over longer perios
Continued use
Persistant desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down
Time
Give up activities |
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Term
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Definition
APA diagnostic criteria for abuse and dependence
Complex behavioral definaitions |
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Term
| Dependence can occur with or without |
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Definition
| physiological dependence (i.e., withdrawal) |
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Term
| What reflects the perspective that drugs themselves are evil? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 7 drug use models |
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Definition
Early Medical Model
Positive Reinforcement Model
Biological Model
Hereditary
Family Disorder
Disease Model
Biopsychosocial Model |
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Term
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Definition
| Is dependence due to biochemical or physiological actions in the brain? |
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Term
| Do we have a way to scan the genetics and know that someone is an addict? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do drugs and pleasurable activities release in the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is there an addictive personality? |
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Definition
| No way to know if the drug or the drug use changes a person’s personality |
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Term
| What personality has been linked to drug use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two behaviors are associated with addictive behaviors |
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Definition
Difficulty in impulse control
Antisocial behavior |
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Term
| Alcohol dependence often exists in what kind of family? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the seven roles? |
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Definition
Addict
Enabler
Co-dependent
Scapegoat
Mascot
Lost Child
Hero |
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Term
| Founders of AA characterized alcohol dependence as |
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Definition
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Term
| In some states, it is illegal to purchase needles without a |
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Definition
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Term
| Physical dependence means the body has _______ to the drug’s presence |
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Definition
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Term
| Over time, this becomes the biggest reason users report they continue to use |
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Definition
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Term
| Three parts of psychological dependence? |
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Definition
High frequency of use
Craving for the drug
Tendency to relapse after stopping use |
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Term
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Definition
| (Typically oldest child, will take attention to them because they appear to be the “perfect child.” Excels in something or multiple things). Generally will get an upper graduate degree. Typically a medical degree, to help people. Their family did not take advantage of their knowledge, so they are trying to impart knowledge on people. They generally choose to marry addicts and will become co-dependents and enablers. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Generally middle children. Loners.) May become actively involved in online worlds and lives. Very distant individuals, so they struggle with relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| (Generally the middle or youngest children. The entertainers, putting on a show. Tend to be funny.) May become entertainers. Their relationships are very superficial. They want to know about someone, but don’t want to share. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Get in trouble to take attention off addict. “Problem child.” They take the blame.) Very angry people, can make abusive relationships. Tends to be a user. |
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Term
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Definition
| (normally the spouse, can be oldest child) |
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Term
| Two parts of alcoholism as a disease |
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Definition
Once you have it, you will always have it.
You can treat it and be in recovery, but you still have it |
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Term
| Two parts of alcoholism as not a disease |
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Definition
There are ways to test and treat the effects of alcoholism but not the disease itself
There is some disagreement over how to define disease as well |
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Term
| The disease model suggests that |
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Definition
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Term
| The disease model says that addiction comes about as the result of |
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Definition
| healthy neurochemical or behavioral processes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Dependence is related to dysfunctions of
Biology
Personality
Social Interactions |
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Term
| Four aspects of a drugs and crime |
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Definition
Drug use may change a person’s personality
People under the influence may commit crimes (e.g., many cases of homicide, domestic violence, etc.)
Crimes may be carried out to obtain money for drugs
Drug use is a crime |
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Term
| It is prevalent to have crimes committed under the influence of |
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Definition
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Term
| We want to protect society from the dangers of some types of drug use = |
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Definition
| legitimate social purpose |
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Term
| Some laws are not developed as part of a rationally devised plan and may not be _______ or _______ |
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Definition
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