Term
| ___________was the architect invited by Gropius to give the keynote speech at the Bauhaus Week of 1923 |
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Definition
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Term
| What typeface/font was used in Bauhaus publications after the arrival of Moholy-Nagy |
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Definition
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Term
| What two avant-garde artists were credited by Larson as being somewhat responsible for the change in its teaching ideology/pedogogy from Expressionism to Abstract formalism |
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Definition
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Term
| Van Doesburg's term for the new way he composed space as a continuous, but non-linear flow of space was _________ |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Towards a Plastic Architecture was written by ________ |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What was the difference in how Wright approached the design of his interiors and how van Doesburg designed his interiors? |
|
Definition
o Wright: arranged continuous, free flow
o Van Doesburg: lacked understanding of space, infinity |
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Term
| Neo-Plasticism is a term associated with what movement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The De Stijl movement received much of its initial impetus from the non-objective paintings by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the spatial sequence implied in the paintings by van Doesburg |
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Definition
| Continuous, free-flowing space, space time continuum |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| The Red-Blue Chair was designed by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Schröder House was designed by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Describe the changes made in the first-year design at the Bauhaus made when Maholy-Nagy replaced Itten as the teacher |
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Definition
| Moved from an expressionist to a Machinist/Abstract style |
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Term
| What does Larson credit for the eventual appearance of columns in the Barcelona pavilion? |
|
Definition
| Corb's housing in Weissenhof Siedlung |
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|
Term
| What was the major design difference between Mies' Concrete and Brick Country House projects? |
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Definition
o Concrete: bays, window in wall
o Brick: winding paths, voids between wall |
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Term
| The German term used by German designers after WWI who relied solely on realism and functionalism to describe their work was |
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Definition
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Term
| The objective of the Vorkurs (foundation course) at the Bauhaus was _____________ |
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Definition
| to get everyone on the same level of basic skills, change the way students are educated, Math & Physics |
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Term
| The German term that describes the spirit of Mies' Concrete Office Building of 1923 was: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Zonnestraal Sanitarium was designed by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What architectural theoretician was responsible for the shift in design theory away from Expressionism at the Weimar Bauhaus? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The event most responsible for the philosophical switch at the Bauhaus from Expressionism to "The New Architecture" was ___________
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe Mies' spatial order in his designs of 1923-1929 |
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Definition
o spiral right hand turn
o asymmetry and the definition of space with the arrangement of freestanding planes within a rectilinear order |
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Term
| The Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg Monument was designed by |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Marcel Breuer is best known for the design of the __________ chair while working at the Bauhaus. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The 'Wassily' chair was designed by ________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| List three important design ideas Mies employed in the Barcelona Pavilion |
|
Definition
o asymmetry
o reflection
o created reflections
o freestanding walls
o non-axial paths |
|
|
Term
| The Dutch architect known for his sachlich housing projects was |
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Definition
|
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Term
| ______________ was the leading theoretician of the De Stijl movement. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The architect in overall charge of planning the 1927 Weissenhof Siedlung was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| ________________ was the major building type that brought the International Style to the forefront of German design in the 1920s. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The "Barcelona Chair" was designed by |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The De Stijl theoretician whose lectures at the Bauhaus influenced its switch from Expressionism to Internationalism was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| When Walter Gropius assembled his faculty for the Bauhaus School, he drew many of them from which field of expertise? |
|
Definition
| Painting and graphic arts |
|
|
Term
| ____________ was the director of the Trade/design School in Weimar when its name was changed to the Staatliches Bauhaus. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| One major different element in the work of Willem Dudok's from that of Wright's? |
|
Definition
o Dudok: little color
o Wright: color |
|
|
Term
| Willem Dudok's buildings show a major influence from the work of what American architect? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The Hilversum Town hall was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Dutch architect responsible for spreading the influence of Wright throughout Holland was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The father of modern Dutch architecture who was an early advocate of Wright's work was
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two Wrightian motifs evident in the Hilversum Town Hall: |
|
Definition
| pinwheel plan, horizontal tool joint |
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|
Term
| Oud belonged to the _____________________ |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the major difference between de Klerk and Kramer's exterior design methodologies? |
|
Definition
| Klerk- additive, Kramer: subtractive |
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|
Term
| The two young Dutch expressionists who worked in the office of Johan van der Meij were: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
The father of modern Dutch architecture who was an early advocate of Wright's work was
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The home of Dutch Expressionism was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which building represented Berlage's revival of the Dutch indigenous masonry tradition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the two Dutch "expressionist" architects best known for their designs of worker housing in Amsterdam during WWI. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Berlage's opinion of Dutch urban housing? |
|
Definition
| Committed to the Dutch tradition as opposed to the Bush garden movement |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference between Mies' and Corbu's use of column grids in their designs of the 1920s? |
|
Definition
o Mies: kept rigid grid, regular, wall as parition
o Corbusier: manipulated grid with walls |
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|
Term
| What was the elevational design advantage of the Dom-ino system? Was this the first realization of this advantage? |
|
Definition
o The walls don’t carry any weight; No columns, no need to express it.
o No, Root did it in Masonic Temple |
|
|
Term
| Why did Le Corbusier use ramps in the interiors of his early houses? |
|
Definition
| Unbroken planes, didn’t break space-time continuum |
|
|
Term
| What was different between Perret's concrete frames and Le Corbusier's concrete frames? |
|
Definition
o Perret: used old system
o Corbusier: new system |
|
|
Term
| What was the elevational design advantage of the Dom-ino system? Was this the first realization of this advantage? |
|
Definition
| Freed the wall from any structural function, thus it could be located anywhere |
|
|
Term
| List two influences on Corbusier's interest in the two-story living space: |
|
Definition
o Parisian artist’s studio
o Parisian café, family restaurant |
|
|
Term
| "A machine for living in" is a concept associated with the work of _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three major architectural figures worked in Peter Behrens' office? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List Corbusier's Five Points of a New Architecture |
|
Definition
o free plan
o free facade
o ribbon window
o pilotes
o roof garden |
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier used this term to describe the spatial sequence in his buildings |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier worked for what two major European figures in pre-WWI Europe which had a marked influence on his career |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The golden section as an ordering system was best represented in the work of what architect we studied this period? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____________ was the term Le Corbusier and Ozenfant chose for their painting style, which was a conscious rejection of much of what Cubism represented. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier's ideal of the "pure man-made object set in dramatic contrast to nature" was probably something he picked up in what country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Towards an Architecture was written by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The early work of Le Corbusier is known for its sensitive environmental response: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier's "Five Points" for a new architecture as evident in the "Citrohan" projects and the Villa Savoye, basically derived from |
|
Definition
| the domino system of concrete plates & columns/ mass produce cars |
|
|
Term
| The building designed by Aalto that best represents his interpretation of Corbu's five points is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the inspiration for Aalto's design of the interior of the Finnish pavilion at the 1939 World's Fair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Aalto say the reason was for his incorporating a courtyard in many his projects? |
|
Definition
| Getting something from nothing |
|
|
Term
| List two design decisions Aalto made in consideration of the comfort of the patients at the Paimio Sanitarium: |
|
Definition
o flat sink that made no noise
o radiant heating in ceiling |
|
|
Term
| Aalto's first use of the undulating surface of wood slats was in what building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bent-wood "Paimio chair" was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What new science apparently had a great influence on Asplund's designs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The name of the firm founded by Maire and Hary Gullichsen to market Aalto-designed home furnishings is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the two design criteria used by Aalto to determine the longitudinal section of the meeting hall in the library in Viipuri: |
|
Definition
o acoustic
o separating stacks |
|
|
Term
| Which space is used by Aalto as the high point or visual anchor of the massing composition in Villa Mairea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A switch from the ribbon window to the use of floor to ceiling glazing marked the work in the 1930s of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Centrosoyuz Headquarters in Moscow was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two differences between Le Corbusier's design for the City for 3 million and his Radiant City: |
|
Definition
- seperated into functions
- lienar arrangement of housing |
|
|
Term
| List two major details that Wright used in the Usonian house to control construction costs: |
|
Definition
o 3 types of windows
o 3 fabricated walls
o self finished interior materials |
|
|
Term
| The "Usonian" house was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Broadacre City was a project envisioned by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The client for Wright's "Fallingwater" house was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The roof terraces in Rockefeller Center were said to be influenced by what ancient precedent? |
|
Definition
| Hanging gardens of babylon |
|
|
Term
| The trademark image of the 1939 World's Fair was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What determined the locations of the setbacks in the RCA building? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ was the American architect whose urban idea of the tower in the park paralleled Le Corbusier's proposal for the city for 3 million. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Norman Bel Geddes' trademark motif was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The designer in charge of the initial planning of Rockefeller Center was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| . "Far from being a handicap, this discipline of being obliged to make a project stand on its own financial feet and to submit its details and materials to a constant critical analysis, leads to honesty and integrity of design. Under this stimulation the cobwebs of whimsey, taste, fashion, and vanity are brushed aside, and the architect finds himself face to face with the essential elements that go to make real architecture and real beauty." This is a quote by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name three major industrial designers who were active in the 1930s. |
|
Definition
o Bel Geddes
o Fuller
o Lowey/Hood |
|
|
Term
| The apparent precedent for the massing of the Empire State Building was: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The designer of the Dymaxion House was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The one word that best described the forms used to style Art Moderne designs was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______________ was the term used to describe the method of wrapping objects with sheet metal in an attempt to give them a futurist image. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Dymaxion" was the term coined by _______, which meant __________________________ |
|
Definition
Fuller
dynamic, maximum, ion |
|
|
Term
| Briefly describe how Hood developed the massing of the RCA Building |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Art Moderne was symbolized by the use of the _____________________ |
|
Definition
| teardrop/ streamline curves |
|
|
Term
| The beach house in Newport Beach for Dr. Phillip Lovell was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Upon his arrival in the US, Gropius assumed the directorship of the architecture school at _________ while Mies eventually was named head of the school at _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Philip Johnson's Glass House minimize heat gain in the summer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two requirements that had to be met by a building in order to qualify to be included in MOMA's 1932 "International Style" exhibition: |
|
Definition
o architecture as volume not mass
o regularity than axial
o no arbitrary ornament to the building |
|
|
Term
| The projects most often associated with Nazi Germany were designed by architect |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two reasons why the Farnsworth House was an environmental disaster: |
|
Definition
o no operable windows
o all single pane windows |
|
|
Term
| The only totalitarian regime in PreWWII Europe that did not adopt a literal Neo-classicism as the official style of the state was in what country? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Lovell Health House was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did the elevation of the McGraw-Hill Building differ from other skyscrapers designed by Hood? |
|
Definition
| horizontal emphasis & continuous spandrels |
|
|
Term
| List two architects who immigrated to the US before Hitler rose to power who were early practitioners of the International Style in the US: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two architects who immigrated to the US after Hitler rose to power who were early practitioners of the International Style in the US: |
|
Definition
o Mies
o Mendelson
o Gropius |
|
|
Term
| The two Austrian architects who came to the U.S. and worked with Wright were: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The first European architect to bring the International Style to California was |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What American is credited with the coining the term "International Style"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the last director of the German Bauhaus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two skyscrapers built before WWII that exhibited the International Style in some of their parts, list the architect of each: |
|
Definition
o PSFS building, Howe & Lescaze
o McGraw, Hood |
|
|
Term
| The first skyscraper in the U.S. to exhibit the massing and the exterior language of the European "International Style" was the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two curators of the MOMA show, "The International Style," were |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The McGraw-Hill Building was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Casa del Fascio was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Adolf Hitler chose ______________ architecture as symbolic of the Third Reich. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Philadelphia Savings Fund Society Building was designed by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The building that best represents the coming together of Wright's ideas of plan, section, and elevation in creating continuity of space and movement is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List two details Mies used in his American buildings to divorce them from the existing urban fabric: |
|
Definition
o lifted building off the ground plane
o set the building back from sidewalk |
|
|
Term
| What advantage is there in offsetting the location of the core in the plan of a highrise office building? |
|
Definition
| Better for space planning |
|
|
Term
| What detail in the Lever House allows the pedestrian to reconnect with tower after leaving the sidewalk? |
|
Definition
| Walk under building and opening to see up to the tower |
|
|
Term
| What was the new architectural material whose price had dropped significantly after the end of WWII, that it quickly was adopted as the exterior material of choice for the next twenty years? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the lateral (wind) load structure of the Sears Building/World Trade Center |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the problem that "rationalist" International Style designers tried to avoid in the design of a skyscraper and what was the typical solution? |
|
Definition
| The can’t express each column the same, so they would cantilever ends |
|
|
Term
| ____________ was the last and tallest of the International Style glass box skyscrapers. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three environmental systems were combined in the development of the suspended ceiling during the 1950s? |
|
Definition
o lighting
o ventilation
o sprinklers |
|
|
Term
| What kept the International Style glass box skyscraper from going no taller than the Chase Manhattan Bank? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discuss the interrelationship between exterior and interior detailing in choosing between a centerline to centerline curtain wall and one that is inserted between the sides of the columns: |
|
Definition
| cantilever curtain wall out so all windows will be the same |
|
|
Term
| The first post WWII glass box skyscraper in the US was the |
|
Definition
| Equitable Savings Building |
|
|
Term
| What two major projects were responsible for the large size of SOM by the end of WWII? |
|
Definition
o Manhattan Projects
o VA Hospitals |
|
|
Term
| What skyscraper marked the ultimate retreat from the street and the start of "Plaza-mania?" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The conceptual design of the UN office tower was the product of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ______ was responsible for the conceptual design of the UN office tower. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "I don't want to be interesting, I want to be good" is a quote ascribed to _________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference in how Mies designed spaces in his pre-WW II European buildings and those in his post-WW II American buildings: |
|
Definition
o preflow of space & simplicity
o vs. post rational & symmetrical |
|
|
Term
| "Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space" is a quote by __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The SOM partner responsible for the design of the Lever House was ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why were the Lever House and the Seagram's Building much more expensive than the face value of their construction: |
|
Definition
| they didn’t build on the full site |
|
|
Term
| List the three locations for a glass skin in a skyscraper and list a building from class that is an example of each type: |
|
Definition
o infront: UN headquarters
o behind: Inland steel building
o infill: Equitable Savings Bank |
|
|
Term
| The difference between SOM's typical corner detail as represented in the Inland Steel Building and Mies' typical corner detial as represented in the Seagram's Building is: |
|
Definition
| of the corner vs. on the corner |
|
|
Term
| Define Le Corbusier's idea of "a redent |
|
Definition
| long set back apartment blocks |
|
|
Term
| Le Corbusier's utopian city plan developed in the 1930s was named |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| New research indicates that WWII had two influences on the subsequent designs of Le Corbusier? |
|
Definition
| gun replacements, atomic bomb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| balcony/sun baffle wall: a reponse to southern sun |
|
|
Term
| A relatively new interpretation of Le Corbusier's use of concrete following WWII states that he was influenced by |
|
Definition
| atomic bomb & gun replacements |
|
|
Term
| Where did the term Brutalism initially come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The proportioning system developed and used by Le Corbusier was known as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The French term for the type of concrete construction used by Le Corbusier in his later projects is _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formal pivot point of the composition in the Otaniemi Technical Institute is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three points of human contact in buildings that Aalto exploited with a change of materials: |
|
Definition
o floor materials
o handrails
o door handles |
|
|
Term
| The building usually credited as the inspiration for the design of the interview floor in Aalto's National Pension Institute is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The formal pivot point of the massing in the Säynätsalo Town Hall is the |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The best example of Aalto's undulating wall in his American buildings is _____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The fan-shaped plan is a typical scheme in the planning of many buildings designed by ________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which building by Aalto was the first to use wood in any significant way, marking his move away from pure Functionalism? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Discuss the reasons for the final configuration of the floor plan of the Vuoksenniska Church: |
|
Definition
| come in on worship side, forced to look at 3 small spaces for classrooms |
|
|
Term
| Describe the ideas behind the massing of the Baker House: |
|
Definition
| faces campus, orthogonal faces, river undulation |
|
|
Term
| What did Aalto do in the National Pensions Institute to articulate the massing of the building so that it reads as interpenetrating masses rather than a continuous volume? |
|
Definition
| Facades that didn’t quite line up |
|
|
Term
| Which building designed by Alvar Aalto marked his attempt to transcend the International Style? What is the reason for your answer? |
|
Definition
| Baker House because its the first brick building which breaks from the the international style |
|
|
Term
| Name two details Eliel Saarinen employed in Christ Lutheran Church in order to minimize acoustic shadows: |
|
Definition
o Undulating wall
o Sloped Ceiling |
|
|
Term
| What technology did Eero Saarinen adopt from the automobile industry in the detailing of the GM Tech Center? |
|
Definition
| Neoprene glazing gasket & light height insulating panel |
|
|
Term
| ______________ was given the responsibility for the design of all of the buildings at the Cranbrook School of Design. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What one major reservation about the design of Dulles did Larson express: |
|
Definition
| central drain looks like a column |
|
|
Term
| What one major reservation about the design of Dulles did Larson express: |
|
Definition
| central drain looks like a column |
|
|
Term
| What two major reservations about the design of Kresge auditorium did Larson express: |
|
Definition
- not enough foundation
- inappropriate for auditorium |
|
|
Term
| Crow Island School, which set the model for the design of the post WWII elementary school in the US was designed by __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The inspiration for the scale of Eero Saarinen's site plan of the GM Tech Center was ____________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| List three technological innovations in construction developed by Eero Saarinen that would become standard techniques during the late 1960s: |
|
Definition
neoprene glazing gasket
lightweight insulated panel
mirror glass |
|
|
Term
| What grade school established the prototype for the post WWII baby boom and who designed it: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the school of art in Detroit designed by Eliel Saarinen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "The thing itself" was the objective of whose work? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two deviations from the International Style in the Yale Art Gallery represent Kahn's initial break with this style? |
|
Definition
o Horizontal brick courses
o Exposed concrete structure expressed |
|
|
Term
| The occupiable exterior wall was a technique that evolved in the work of __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "occupiable wall" is a major theme used by __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In describing the atrium of the Yale Museum of British Art, Larson pointed out a problem that has always plagued architects. This was: |
|
Definition
| losing the corner column on the interior |
|
|
Term
| Kahn's pyramidal waffle slab in the Yale Art Museum was inspired by __________ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Kahn's use of hollow structure is thought to have derived from what technique of his Beaux-Arts training? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Let me tell you how I was made" describes whose approach to ornament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What did Louis Kahn mean by "discovering the 'form' of a problem?" |
|
Definition
| the cosmic essence of the given problem |
|
|
Term
| Kahn's concept of "served and servant spaces" which developed out of his early use of hollow structures is thought by some historians to have been derived from what Beaux-Arts principle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Each space must be defined by its structure and the character of its natural light" is a quote by: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| o best site planning in a collection of buildings, employing portal, path, and place |
|
Definition
|
|
