Term
| The atrium skylight in a single-loaded corridor office building would be located at the |
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Definition
| top of the atrium. The atrium is as tall as the building. 16 story building = 16 story skylight |
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Term
| Besides the Roman house, what was the other historical precedent for the interior atrium of 19th Century skyscrapers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why does Larson believe that the "vertical" elevation of a skyscraper could not have evolved during the 1870s or early 1880s, but had to wait until the late 1880s? |
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Definition
| because they didn’t want to build the structure all at once because it was so expensive. They had to wait for the iron skeletal frame. |
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Term
| Sketch the standard massing scheme of a New York skyscraper designed in the 1870s |
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Definition
| The style closest to describing the Equitable Life Insurance Building was second empire |
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Term
| The style closest to describing the Equitable Life Insurance Building was |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the Equitable Building considered by many historians to be the first skyscraper? |
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Definition
| The first skyscraper historians give credit to is the Equitable Life Assurance Building, Gillman & Kendall with George Post, NYC, 1867. Because this is the first time the floor to floor height had been increased because of the exploitation of the elevator. |
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Term
| The first skyscraper designed (but not built) for Chicago was the |
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Definition
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Term
| List four projects in Cincinnati that contributed to its reputation as the "Paris of America" in the 1870s: |
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Definition
-Roebling Bridge
-Fountain Square
-Kentucky River Bridge Emory Arcade Music Hall
-Shillito's Department Store |
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Term
| The Renaissance palazzo provided what two precedents for the early skyscraper |
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Definition
| The Renaissance palazzo was a precedent for the planning, the elevations, and the massing of the early skyscraper. Had an atrium in the inside. Plan = doughnut |
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Term
| The first architect in Chicago to design a skyscraper was |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________was the tallest building under construction in the U.S. during the last 25 years of the 19th Century. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________is now being given credit for designing what most historians regard as the first skyscraper in the U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______________________would have been the first skyscraper erected in Chicago had the 1871 fire not occurred. |
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Definition
| Kendall Building, John M. Van Osdel |
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Term
| What was the conventional color scheme of many of the buildings designed in the U.S. during the 1870s? |
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Definition
| Polychromatic. 1880’s switches to monochromatic |
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Term
| The tallest building (exclude any "structures") under construction in the U.S. during the 1870s was |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the geopolitical significance of Chicago's location at the time of its founding? |
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Definition
| The linkage between the great lakes and the Mississippi river water system |
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Term
| Name two 19th century American writers whose search for an American style paralleled the work of Richardson, Root, and Sullivan: |
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Definition
| mark twaine. Walt wittman |
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Term
| Which material first led Richardson to eliminate the horizontal layering of his elevations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What two advantages did Root's iron reinforced pad foundation have over the traditional foundations of the time? |
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Definition
The depth of the foundation went from being 10ft tall, to about 2’ tall.
Saves a lot of weight by getting rid of the stone pyramid. |
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Term
| Explain why there is a distinct difference in the exterior image of the Auditorium and the Cincinnati Music Hall: |
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Definition
| It looks like a business block. The Cincinnati didn’t have a budget for the project, and the Auditorium didn’t have the funds that Cincinnati did. |
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Term
| Was Richardson responsible for bringing the "box" to Chicago? Explain. |
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Definition
| Root has been doing blocks long before Richardson. Richardson improves the form of the box. |
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Term
| 21. According to Larson, the major departure from Root's prior designs in Richardson's design of the Marshall Field Wholesale Store was |
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Definition
| Richardson gets rid of the layering of floors, allowing the building to take a vertical orientation |
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Term
| List three technical innovations incorporated in the design and construction of the Rookery: |
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Definition
1. An elevation with an iron skeletal frame, with a single width of brick. This was possible because the structure was internally located, and the insurance companies couldn’t complain about it
2. Invents modern pad foundation with concrete.
3. Terra cotta fireproofing? |
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Term
| What was a difference between the massing of a 1870s skyscraper in New York and a 1880s skyscraper in Chicago? |
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Definition
| New York’s buildings were corporate buildings and tended to have towers on the tops to try and compete in height with the other corporate buildings. The taller the better. The Chicago office buildings didn’t need this significance. They were simple extrusions |
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Term
| Name two buildings that used the progression of layered arcades as their elevational idea prior to the Field Wholesale store: |
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Definition
-Hunt’s New York Tribune Building
-Post’s New York Produce Exchange |
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Term
| Sketch the ground floor plan of the Auditorium, showing the location of the three major functions of the building. |
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Definition
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Term
| The first skyscraper built in Chicago, _________was designed by ____________ |
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Definition
| the Montauk Block, Burnham and Root |
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Term
| Larson credits Richardson with what achievement in the design of the Field Wholesale store? |
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Definition
| Getting rid of the horizontality of the skyscraper by floor emphasis. He is able to get a vertical emphasis by a uniform exterior material |
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Term
| The atrium skylight in the Rookery is located at the |
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Definition
| center of the building, inside the doughnut at the second floor |
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Term
| Adler and Sullivan were considered to be Chicago's leading design firm of what building type? |
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Definition
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Term
| List two technical firsts developed by Root that allowed the skyscraper to evolve in Chicago: |
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Definition
-Non load-bearing masonry wall on an iron skeletal frame.
-Pad foundation, instead of the old pyramid style foundation. |
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Term
The _____________ was the last tall masonry bearing wall office building erected in
Chicago. |
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Definition
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