Term
| What are the four principles of psychoactive drugs? |
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Definition
Drugs are not good or bad
Drugs have multiple effects
The effect of drugs depends on dosage
Drug effects depends on user's history and expectations |
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Term
| What is a psychoactive drug? |
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Definition
| Any drug that acts to alter mood thought processes or behavior or manage mental illness |
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Term
| psychoactive drugs mainly effect the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| psychoactive drugs mainly effect the ____ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| drug that is illegal to posses or use |
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Term
| What are the characteristics of a drug addiction? |
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Definition
frequent use of the drug and the user mainly focusing on the following:
using, obtaining, and talking about the drug |
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Term
| What are the 3 concepts related to drug dependency? |
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Definition
| tolerance, physical dependence, psychological dependence |
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Term
| What are the 6 theories that describe what causes drug addiction |
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Definition
| moral; early medical theory; reinforcement model;social theories; personality; disease concept |
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Term
ID:
Addicts are lazy and weak willed |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
Defined by the presence of physical dependence
Indicated by withdrawal when person stops taking the drug |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the reinforcement model |
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Definition
| reinforcers decrease or increase likelihood of behavior occurring; drugs produce euphoria users want to repear |
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Term
ID:
The hypothesis that drug use is determined by cultural and social influences |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the Disease model concept |
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Definition
Addiction is a chronic medical disorder, as much as cardiovascular disease or diabetes
Foundation of AA
There is a biological disposition towards addiction |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides criteria for diagnosing Substance Abuse and Substance Dependence |
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Term
| What is the difference between substance dependence and substance abuse? |
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Definition
| substance abuse shows no evidence of physiological dependence (withdrawl symptoms) |
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Term
| What is one of the new trends in drug use among females? |
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Definition
| They surpass males in their misuse of prescription drugs |
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Term
| Since ____ more ____ than ____ started using marijuana |
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Definition
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Term
| How many girls reported having a major depressive episode in 2004? |
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Definition
| 1,600,000; more than twice that of males |
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Term
| What is the cost of substance abuse per year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fraction of convicted jail inmates were actively involved with illicit drugs prior to their admission? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five drugs of interest? |
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Definition
| cocaine, weed, meth, opiates, and PCP |
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Term
| What are the 7 things alcohol and other drugs are associated with? |
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Definition
| suicides; assaults; rapes; child abuse; murders; traffic fatalities; 50% of spousal abuse |
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Term
| __% of drug abusers are employed |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five pharmaceutical revolutions that influence the way we view drugs? |
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Definition
The development of vaccines
The development of Antibiotics
Psychopharmacology
Oral contraceptives
Smart Pills (Performance drugs) |
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Term
| What are the 4 most well-known smart pills? |
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Definition
| LSD; Amphetamine; Ritalin; Adderall |
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Term
| What are the 3 factors that account for the rise in drug use in the past several years? |
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Definition
| perception of less risk with drugs; decreased peer disapproval; many parents now used drugs when they were young and are more tolerant |
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Term
| What is the triangle of drug abuse according to the epidemiological model? |
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Definition
| drug-> individual-> sociocultural factors; over time |
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Term
ID:
This strategy focuses on the development of skills in decision making, problem solving, interpersonal communications, clarification of values, and intrinsic motivation. |
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Definition
| Affective Education Strategy |
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Term
| What are the 4 phases of the Comprehensive Prevention Model? |
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Definition
| Experimental, cognitive, affective, skill building |
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Term
| What are the 5 purposes of drug regulation? |
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Definition
| reduce demand, reduce exposure, protect consumers, taxation, control illegal activities |
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Term
| From 1859 to 1905 patent medicine sales went from ____ to ____ |
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Definition
| $3.5 million; $74 million |
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Term
| What let to the formation of the FDA? |
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Definition
| the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 |
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Term
| Describe the Harrison Narcotic Act of 1914 |
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Definition
Administered under the Treasury Department
Outlawed opiates and cocaine
Allowed physicians to prescribe narcotics “in the course of their professional practice & for legitimate medical purposes”
Placed tax and federal license controls on narcotics |
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Term
ID:
Outlawed recreational use of marijuana in 1937 |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the cause of the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938? |
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Definition
| Deaths of several people caused by sulfa drugs used as antibiotics |
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Term
| What was the cause of the Food Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938? |
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Definition
| Deaths of several people caused by sulfa drugs used as antibiotics |
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Term
| Describe the 1962 Kefauver-Harris Amendments |
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Definition
| Every new drug be demonstrated to be effective for the illnesses mentioned on the label |
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Term
| What are the five schedules of drugs? |
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Definition
Schedule I Heroin, LSD, Marijuana
Schedule II Cocaine, Methamph.
Schedule III Most Barbiturates
Schedule IV Valium, Xanax
Schedule V Codeine mix |
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Term
| The 5 schedules are an example of what kind of drug? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure prevents drugs from entering the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the CNS consist of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What section of the nervous system controls involuntary functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of the SNS? |
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Definition
Carries sensory information into the CNS & carries motor information out
Controls voluntary actions |
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Term
ID:
Processes visual & auditory information
Higher mental processes
Responsible for reasoning, judgment, cognition & cognitive appraisal
Affected by almost all psychoactive drugs |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
Located underneath the cerebral cortex
Serve as information relay center (switchboard) between cerebral cortex and lower brain centers
Psychoactive drugs affect body functions through their impact on this |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
involved in…
food intake, thirst
body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure
sexual behavior
stress |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the brain stem made of? |
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Definition
| Midbrain, pons & medulla oblongata |
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Term
| What is the purpose of the brain stem? |
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Definition
Role in sensory/motor reflexes & complex movements
Controls vomiting & regulates breathing
Usually the last area to be affected by drugs |
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Term
ID;
The emotional center including pleasure and pain
Also function as emotional memory & imagination center |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the RAS and its purpose? |
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Definition
Reticular Activating System ;Serve to connect nervous tissues from thalamus to spinal cord
Wakefulness and arousal center
One of the target areas for stress & relaxation research |
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Term
| What are 6 Neurotransmitters affected by Psychoactive Drugs? |
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Definition
Acetylcholine
Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA)
Endorphins |
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Term
| Decreased levels of what neurotransmitter is associated with Alzheimers? |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
Plays significant role in emotional, mental & motor functions
Abnormally high levels are associated with psychosis
Low level is associated with depression and Parkinson’s disease |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
Comes from tyrosine and dopamine
Influences the level of arousal and attentiveness |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Plays a role in blood vessel constriction & blood clotting
Associated with mood, memory & appetite control
High level is linked to hypersomnia & low level leads to insomnia |
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Term
ID:
Inhibits nerve impulses from being sent from one neuron to another when released |
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Definition
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Term
ID:
May be associated with positive addiction |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| brief electrical signal transmitted along the axon |
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Term
| What are the 5 actions of neurotransmitters that drugs can have an effect on? |
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Definition
synthesis
storage
release
reuptake
metabolism |
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Term
| The Pharmacology of Drugs relates to the way drugs are (5 answers) |
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Definition
administered
absorbed
distributed
metabolized
excreted from the body |
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Term
| What does PET in PET scan stand for? |
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Definition
| Positron Emission Topography |
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Term
| What does a PET scan measure? |
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Definition
| Measures brain functions such as blood flow & volume, oxygen use, and the formation of neurotransmitters |
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