Term
| central nervous system (CNS) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
central nervous system
abbrev. |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| cranial and spinal nerves |
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Term
| peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| cranial and spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
peripheral nervous system
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
major portion of central nervous system
cerebrum, ventricles, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), cerebellum, brain stem (midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata) |
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Term
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Definition
| largest portion of brain, divided into right and left HEMISPHERES; controls SKELETAL MUSCLES, interprets general SENSES (temp., pain, touch), contains centers for SIGHT+HEARING. Intellect, memory, emotional REACTIONS take place in cerebrum. |
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Term
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Definition
| spaces within cerebrum that contain cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), which flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) |
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Definition
| clear, colorless fluid to cushion brain and spinal cord from shock; transports nutrients, clears metabolic waste |
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Term
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Definition
cerebrospinal fluid
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
| also HINDBRAIN, located under posterior portion of cerebrum. Assists in COORDINATION of SKELETAL MUSCLES and MAINTAINS BALANCE |
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Term
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Definition
stem-like portion of brain; connects with spinal cord
= midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
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Term
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Definition
| most superior portion of brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| literally means "bridge." connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem |
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Term
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Definition
| between pons and spinal cord; contains centers that CONTROL respiration, heart rate, muscles in blood vessel walls, which assist in determining BLOOD PRESSURE |
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Term
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Definition
| passes through vertebral canal extending from medulla oblongata to the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebra; conducts nerve impulses to and from brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
3 layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord
=dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater |
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Term
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Definition
| tough out layer (of the 3 meninges of brain) |
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Term
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Definition
| delicate middle layer (of the 3 meninges of brain); the arachnoid membrane is loosely attached to the pia mater by web-like fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space |
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Term
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Definition
| thin inner layer of the meninges (of the 3 meninges of brain) |
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Term
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Definition
cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another
12 pair cranial nerves
31 pair spinal nerves
parts = ganglion, glia, neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| group of nerve cells located outside the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| cells that support and nourish nervous tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| nerve cell; conducts nerve impulses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
cerebellum
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
cerebrum
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
hard, dura mater
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
gangli, ganglion
gangli/o, ganglion/o |
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Definition
ganglion
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
glia, gluey substance
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
medulla oblongata
WR/combining form |
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Term
mening, meningi
mening/o, meningi/o |
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Definition
meninges
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
spinal cord (NOTE: means bone marrow when it comes to bones!)
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
radic, radicul, rhiz
radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o |
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Definition
nerve ROOT
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
thalamus
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
sheath (meninges)
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
brain ventricle
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
feeling, sensation, sensitivity
WR/combining form |
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Term
ment, psych
ment/o, psych/o |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
one, single
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
gray matter (of brain or spinal cord)
WR/combining form |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
treatment, specialty, field of medicine
S |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
cerebellitis
cerebell/itis |
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Definition
inflammation of the cerebellum
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
cerebral thrombosis
cerebr/al thromb/osis |
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Definition
pertaining to the cerebrum, abnormal condition of a clot (blood clot in a blood vessel of the brain).
NOTE: onset of symptoms may appear from minutes to days after an obstruction occurs
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the dura mater
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
encephalitis
encephal/itis |
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Definition
inflammation of the brain
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
encephalomalacia
encephal/o/malacia |
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Definition
softening of the brain
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
encephalomyeloradiculitis
encephal/o/myel/o/radicul/itis |
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Definition
inflammation of the brain, spinal cord, nerve roots
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the ganglion
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
glioblastoma
gli/o/blast/oma |
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Definition
tumor composed of developing glial tissue
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
tumor composed of the glial tissue
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the meninges
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
tumor of the meninges
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
meningocele
mening/o/cele |
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Definition
protrusion of the meninges
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
meningomyelocele
mening/o/myel/o/cele |
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Definition
protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
mononeuropathy
mon/o/neur/o/pathy |
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Definition
disease affecting a single nerve (such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS))
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
pain in a nerve
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
neurasthenia
neur/asthenia |
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Definition
nerve weakness
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of a nerve
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
neuroarthropathy
neur/o/arthr/o/pathy |
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Definition
disease of the nerves and joints
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
tumor made up of nerve cells
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
disease of the nerves (peripheral)
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
poliomyelitis
poli/o/myel/itis |
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Definition
inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
polyneuritis
poly/neur/itis ???? |
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Definition
inflammation of many nerves
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
polyneuropathy
poly/neur/o/pathy ???? |
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Definition
disease of many nerves (most often occurs as a side effect of diabetes mellitus, but may also occur as a result of drug therapy, critical illness such as sepsis, or carcinoma; exhibiting symptoms of weakness, distal sensory loss, burning)
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the nerve roots
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
radiculopathy
radicul/o/pathy |
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Definition
disease of the nerve roots
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
rhizomeningomyelitis
rhiz/o/mening/o/myel/itis |
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Definition
inflammation of the nerve root, meninges, and spinal cord
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
subdural hematoma
sub/dur/al hemat/oma |
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Definition
pertaining to below the dura mater, tumor of blood
disease/disorder term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
disease characterized by early dementia, confusion, loss of recognition of persons or familiar surroundings, restlessness, impaired memory
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
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Definition
progressive muscle atrophy caused by degeneration and scarring of neurons along the lateral columns of the spinal cord that control muscles (also called Lou Gehrig disease)
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
Alzheimer disease
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (or Lou Gehrig disease)
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
paralysis of muscles on one side of the face caused by inflammation or compression of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII). Signs include sagging mouth on affected side, non-closure of the eyelid; paralysis is usually temporary
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
aneurysm in the cerebrum
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
an embolus (usually blood clot or piece of atherosclerotic plaque arising from distant site) lodges in cerebral artery, causing sudden blockage of blood supply to brain tissue. Atrial fibrillation is a common cause of cerebral embolism, which can lead to ischemic stroke
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
cognitive impairment characterized by loss of intellectual brain function. Patients have difficulty in various ways, including difficulty in performing complex tasks, reasoning, learning and retaining new information, orientation, word finding, behavior. Dementia has several causes and is not considered part of normal aging
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
condition characterized by recurrent seizures; a general term given to a group of neurological disorders, all characterized by abnormal electrical activity in the brain
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
bleeding into the brain as a result of a ruptured blood vessel within the brain.
Symptoms vary depending on the location of the hemorrhage; acute symptoms include DYSPNEA, DYSPHAGIA, APHASIA, diminished level of consciousness, HEMIPARESIS. The symptoms often develop suddenly.
-- a cause of hemorrhagic stroke, and is frequently associated with HBP
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
chronic degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord; signs and symptoms fluctuate over the course of the disease; more common symptoms include fatigue, balance and coordination impairments, numbness, vision problems
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
multiple sclerosis
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Signs and symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, shuffling gait. It usually occurs after the age of 50 years
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, or prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting or long periods
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
| viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster) |
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Term
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Definition
| viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters on the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster) |
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Term
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Definition
occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients. The cells cannot perform and may be damaged or die within minutes. The parts of the body controlled by the involved cells will experience dysfunction. Speech, movement, memory, other CNS functions may be affected in varying degrees. Ischemic stroke is a result of a blocked blood vessel. Hemorrhagic stroke is a result of bleeding (also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or brain attack)
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) |
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Definition
| hemorrhagic stroke, also called brain attack |
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Term
| subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) |
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Definition
bleeding caused by a ruptured blood vessel just outside the brain (usually a ruptured cerebral aneurysm) that rapidly fills the space between the pia mater and arachnoid layers of the meninges (subarachnoid space) with blood. The patient may experience an intense, sudden headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, neck pain (a cause of hemorrhagic stroke)
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
subarachnoid hemorrhage
abbrev. |
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Term
| transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
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Definition
sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. The symptoms may be similar to those of stroke, but with TIA the symptoms are temporary and the usual outcome is complete recovery. TIAs are often warning signs for eventual occurrence of a stroke.
disease/disorder term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
ganglionectomy
ganglion/ectomy |
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Definition
excision of a ganglion
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
ganglionectomy
ganglion/ectomy |
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Definition
excision of a ganglion
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
excision of a nerve
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
separation of a nerve from inflammatory adhesions
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
neuroplasty
neur/o/plasty |
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Definition
surgical repair of a nerve
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
neurorrhaphy
neur/o/rrhaphy |
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Definition
suture of a nerve
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
incision into a nerve
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
incision into a nerve root
surgical term
built from word parts |
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Term
cerebral angiography
cerebr/al angi/o/graphy |
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Definition
radiographic imaging of the blood vessels in the brain
(diagnostic imaging)
diagnostic term
built from word parts |
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Term
CT myelography
CT myel/o/graphy |
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Definition
process of recording the spinal cord after an injection of a contrast agent into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture
(diagnostic imaging)
diagnostic term
built from word parts |
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Term
| electroencephalogram (EEG) |
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Definition
record of the electrical impulses of the brain
(neurodiagnostic procedure)
diagnostic term
built from word parts |
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Term
electroencephalograph
electr/o/encephal/o/graph |
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Definition
instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain
(neurodiagnostic procedure)
diagnostic term
built from word parts |
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Term
electroencephalography
electr/o/encephal/o/graphy |
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Definition
process of recording the electrical impulses of the brain
(neurodiagnostic procedure)
diagnostic term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
electroencephalogram (the record of it, not the process of recording)
abbrev. |
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Term
| computed tomography of the brain (CT scan) |
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Definition
process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth; the procedure is noninvasive, painless, particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors
(diagnostic imaging)
diagnostic term
NOT built from word parts
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging of the brain or spine (MRI scan) |
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Definition
a noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine through a strong magnetic field; unlike a CT scan, this produces images without use of radiation; it is used to visualize tumors, edema, multiple sclerosis, and herniated disks
(diagnostic imaging)
diagnostic term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
magnetic resonance imaging
abbrev. |
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Term
| positron emission tomography of the brain (PET scan) |
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Definition
an imaging technique with a radioactive substance that produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity. Images are projected on a viewing screen
(diagnostic imaging)
diagnostic term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
positron emission tomography
abbrev. |
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Term
| evoked potential studies (EP studies) |
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Definition
a group of diagnostic tests that measure changes and responses in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimuli
visual evoked response VER = response to visual stimuli
auditory evoked response AER = response to auditory stimuli
(diagnostic imaging)
diagnostic term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
evoked potential studies
(include VER and AER)
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
visual evoked response (part of EP studies)
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
auditory evoked response (part of EP studies)
abbrev. |
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Term
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Definition
insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae; it is performed for many reasons, including the removal of CSF for diagnostic purposes
diagnostic term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
without, or loss of, feeling or sensation
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
condition of without speaking
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
pain in the head (headache)
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the cerebrum
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
craniocerebral
crani/o/cerebr/al |
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Definition
pertaining to the cranium and cerebrum
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
condition of difficulty speaking
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
encephalosclerosis
encephal/o/scler/osis |
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Definition
condition of hardening of the brain
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
glial cell
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
hemiparesis
hem/i/paresis |
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Definition
slight paralysis of half
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
paralysis of half
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
hyperesthesia
hyper/esthesia |
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Definition
excessive sensitivity
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
(occuring) between seizures or attacks
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
intracerebral
intra/cerebr/al ???? |
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Definition
pertaining to within the cerebrum
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the mind
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
monoparesis
mon/o/paresis |
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Definition
slightly paralysis of one
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
paralysis of one
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
myelomalacia
meyl/o/malacia |
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Definition
softening of the spinal cord
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
resembling a nerve
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
neurologist
neur/o/logist |
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Definition
physician who studies and treats diseases of the nerves
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
study of nerves
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
total paralysis
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal sensation
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
postictal
post/ictal ???? |
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Definition
(occuring) after a seizure or attack
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
(occurring) before a seizure or attack
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
quadriplegia
quadr/i/plegia |
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Definition
paralysis of four
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to below the dura mater
complementary term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
conveying toward the center
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
lack of muscle coordination
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory, reason
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
state of profound unconsciousness
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
injury to the brain caused by major or minor head trauma
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
awake, alert, aware of one's surroundings
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
a state of mental confusion as to time, place, identity
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
the inability to use speech that is distinct and connected because of a loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or central nervous system
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
the inability to use speech that is distinct and connected because of a loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or central nervous system
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
conveying away from the center
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
a manner or style of walking
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
unable to express one's thoughts or ideas in an orderly, intelligible manner
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
paralysis from the waist down caused by damage to the lower level of the spinal cord
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
sudden surge of abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in involuntary body movements or behaviors
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
tube implanted in the body to redirect flow of a fluid
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
state of being unaware of surrounding and incapable of responding to stimuli as a result of injury, shock, illness or drugs
complementary term
NOT built from word parts |
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Term
psychiatrist
psych/iatarist ??? |
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Definition
physician who studies and treats disorders of the mind
behavioral health term
built from word parts |
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Term
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Definition
specialty of the mind dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders
behavioral health term
built from word parts |
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Term
psychogenic
psych/o/genic |
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Definition
originating in the mind
behavioral health term
built from word parts |
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Term
psychologist
psych/o/logist |
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Definition
specialist of the mind
behavioral health term
built from word parts |
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Term
|
Definition
study of the mind and human behaviors
behavioral health term
built from word parts |
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Term
psychopathy
psych/o/pathy |
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Definition
any disease of the mind
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abnormal condition of the mind (major mental disorder characterized by extreme derangement, often with delusions and hallucinations)
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psychosomatic
psych/o/somatic ???? |
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pertaining to the mind and body
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an eating disorder characterized by a disturbed perception of body image resulting in failure to maintain body weight, intensive fear of gaining weight, pronounced desire for thinness, and, in females, amenorrhea
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an emotional disorder characterized by feelings of apprehension, tension, uneasiness arising typically from the anticipation of unreal or imagined danger
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| attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) |
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Definition
a disorder of learning and behavioral problems characterized by marked inattention, distractibility, impulsiveness, and hyperactivity
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a spectrum of mental disorders, the features of which include onset during infancy or childhood, preoccupation with subjective mental activity, inability to interact socially, and impaired communication
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a major psychological disorder typified by a disturbance in mood. The disorder is manifested by manic and depressive episodes that may alternate or elements of both may occur simultaneously
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an eating disorder characterized by uncontrolled binge eating followed by purging (induced vomiting)
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a mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of despondency, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning
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| obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
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Definition
a disorder characterized by intrusive, unwanted thoughts that result in the tendency to perform repetitive acts or rituals, usually as a means of releasing tension or anxiety
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obsessive-compulsive disorder
abbrev. |
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an episode of sudden onset of acute anxiety, occurring unpredictably, with feelings of acute apprehension, dyspnea, dizziness, sweating, and/or chest pain, depersonalization, paresthesia and fear of dying, loss of mind or control
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a marked and persistent fear that is excessive or unreasonable cued by the presence or anticipation of a specific situation or object
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convulsive eating of nonnutritive substances such as clay or ice
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| posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
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Definition
a disorder characterized by an acute emotional response to a traumatic event perceived as life threatening or severe emotional stress such as an airplane crash, repeated physical or emotional trauma, or military combat
behavioral health term
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posttraumatic stress disorder
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any one of a large group of psychotic disorders characterized by gross distortions of reality, disturbance of language and communication, withdrawal from social interaction, and the disorganization and fragmentation of thought, perception, and reaction
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disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists
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Parkinson disease
abbrev. |
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
abbrev. |
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cerebrovascular accident
abbrev. |
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transient ischemic attack
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