- regulates body activities through use of hormones released into bloodstream

-hormones distributed throughout body by blood; they influence metabolic activities, growth, development

pituitary

(endocrine glands)

approx. size of pea located at base of brain, divided into 2 lobes

1. anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

2. posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

anterior lobe of pituitary gland

Produces:

GH, ACTH, TSH, FSH, PRL

posterior lobe of pituitary gland

Produces:

ADH, oxytocin

hypothalamus

(endocrine glands)

thyroid

(endocrine glands)

largest endocrine gland located in neck below larynx

Produces:

T3, T4

parathyroid

(endocrine glands)

four small bodies lying directly behind thyroid.

Produces:

PTH

growth hormone

abbrev.

adrenocorticotropic hormone

abbrev.

thyroid-stimulating hormone

abbrev.

follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone

gonadotropic (stimulates gonads)

abbrev.

prolactin/lactogenic hormone

promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy, produces milk after birth

abbrev.

antidiuretic hormone

stimulates kidney to reabsorb water

abbrev.

triiodothyronine

abbrev.

thyroxine

abbrev.

parathormone/parathyroid hormone

helps maintain level of Ca in blood

abbrev.

islets of Langerhans

(endocrine glands)

clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout pancreas.

Secretes:

insulin, glucagon

Produces enzymes which facilitate digestion

adrenal glands

(endocrine glands)

paired glands, one above each kidney. Outer portion = cortex. Inner = medulla.

Secretes:

cortisol (hydrocortisone), aldosterone, epinephrine (adrenaline)

aden

aden/o

gland

WR/combining form

adren, adrenal

adren/o, adrenal/o

adrenal glands

WR/combining form

cortic

cortic/o

cortex

WR/combining form

crin

crin/o

secrete

WR/combining form

endocrin

endocrin/o

endocrine

WR/combining form

gonad

gonad/o

sex gland; gonad

WR/combining form

hormon

hormon/o

hormone

WR/combining form

pancreat

pancreat/o

pancreas

WR/combining form

parathyroid

parathyroid/o

parathyroid glands

WR/combining form

pituitar

pituitar/o

pituitary gland

WR/combining form

thyroid, thyr

thyroid/o, thyr/o

thyroid gland

WR/combining form

acr

acr/o

extremities, height

WR/combining form

calc

calc/i

calcium

WR/combining form

dips

dips/o

thirst

WR/combining form

kal

kal/i

potassium

WR/combining form

natr

natr/o

sodium

WR/combining form

run, running

S

acromegaly

acr/o/megaly

enlargement of extremities (and bones of face, hands, feet) caused by excessive production of the growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland after puberty

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

adenitis

aden/itis

inflammation of a gland

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

adenomegaly

aden/o/megaly

enlargement of a gland

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

adenosis

aden/osis

abnormal condition of a gland

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

adrenalitis

adrenal/itis

inflammation of the adrenal glands

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

adrenomegaly

adren/o/megaly

enlargement of one or both adrenal gland(s)

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hypercalcemia

hyper/calc/emia ????

excessive calcium in the blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hyperglycemia

hyper/glyc/emia ???

excessive sugar in the blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hyperkalemia

hyper/kal/emia ???

excessive potassium in blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hyperpituitarism

hyper/pituitar/ism

state of excessive pituitary gland activity

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hyperthyroidism

hyper/thyroid/ism

state of excessive thyroid gland activity

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hypocalcemia

hypo/calc/emia

deficient calcium in blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hypoglycemia

hypo/glyc/emia

deficient sugar in blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hypokalemia

hypo/kal/emia

deficient potassium in blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hyponatremia

hypo/natr/emia

deficient sodium in blood

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hypopituitarism

hypo/pituitar/ism

state of deficient pituitary gland activity (characterized) by decreased secretion of one or more of the pituitary hormones, which can affect the function of the target endocrine gland; EXAMPLE: hypothyroidism results from decreased secretion of TSH by pituitary gland)

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

hypothyroidism

hypo/thyroid/ism

state of deficient thyroid gland activity

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

panhypopituitarism

pan/hypo/pituitar/ism

state of total deficient pituitary gland activity (characterized by decreased secretion of ALL pituitary hormones; this is a more serious condition; affects function of all other endocrine glands)

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

parathyroidoma

parathyroid/oma

tumor of a parathyroid gland

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

thyroiditis

thyroid/itis

inflammation of the thyroid gland

disease/disorder term

Built from word parts

condition brought about by an abnormal accumulation of acid products of metabolism; seen in uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

chronic syndrome resulting from deficiency in hormonal secretion of adrenal cortex; symptoms = weakness, darkening of skin, loss of appetite, depression, other emotional problems

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

condition caused by congenital absence or atrophy (wasting away) of the thyroid gland, resulting in hypothyroidism; the disease is characterized by puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, dwarfism

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

group of symptoms attributed to excessive production of cortisol by the adrenal cortex; may be result of pituitary tumor or primary adrenal gland dysfunction; symptoms include abnormally pigmented skin, "moon face," pads of fat on chest and abdomen, "buffalo hump" (fat/upper back), wasting away of muscle

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

result of decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; symptoms include excessive thirst (polydipisia), large amounts of urine (polyuria) and Na being excreted from body

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

polydipisia

poly/dipis/ia

excessive thirst

complementary term

built from word parts

polyuria

poly/ur/ia

large amounts of urine

complementary term

built from word parts

chronic disease involving disorder of carbohydrate metabolism caused by underactivity of the islets of Langerhans, characterized by elevated blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

Can cause chronic renal failure, retinopathy, neuropathy. In extreme cases, pt may develop ketosis, acidosis, and finally coma

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

diabetes insipidus

abbrev.

diabetes mellitus

abbrev.

condition brought about by hypersecretion of the pituitary growth hormone before puberty

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

enlargement of thyroid gland

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by the presence of hyperthyroidism, goiter, exophthalmos

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

condition resulting from uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, in which the body has an abnormal concentration of ketone bodies resulting from excessive fat metabolism

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

condition resulting from deficiency of the thyroid hormone THYROXINE; a severe form of hypothyroidism in an adult; symptoms include puffiness of face/hands, course and thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, anemia

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

tumor of the adrenal medulla, which is usually benign and characterized by hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, abdominal pain; surgical removal of the tumor is the most common treatment; can be fatal if untreated

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

condition affecting nerves, causing muscle spasms as a result of low amounts of Ca in blood cause by a deficiency of the parathyroid hormone

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

disease/disorder term

NOT built from word parts

adenectomy

aden/ectomy

excision of a gland

surgical term

built from word parts

adrenalectomy

adrenal/ectomy

excision of one or both adrenal glands

surgical term

built from word parts

parathyroidectomy

parathyroid/ectomy

excision of one or more parathyroid glands

surgical term

built from word parts

thyroidectomy

thyroid/ectomy

excision of the thyroid gland

surgical term

built from word parts

thyroidotomy

thyroid/otomy

incision into the thyroid gland

surgical term

built from word parts

thyroparathyroidectomy

thyr/o/parathyroid/ectomy

excision of the thyroid and parathyroid glands

surgical term

built from word parts

nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function-- radioactive iodine is given to pt orally, after which its uptake into thyroid gland is measured

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

radioactive iodine uptake test

abbrev.

nuclear medicine test that shows the size, shape, function of the thyroid -- pt is given a radioactive substance to visualize the thyroid gland. Image is recorded as the scanner is passed over the neck area; used to detect tumors and nodules

diagnostic term

NOT built from word parts

blood test to determine amount of glucose in blood after 8 to 10 hours of fasting. Elevation may indicate diabetes mellitus

diagnostic term (laboratory)

NOT built from word partsf

blood test that reflects averagse blood glucose levels over the past 3 months (life span of RBCs). Useful for managing diabetes mellitus. Also called Hemoglobin A1C

diagnostic term (laboratory)

NOT built from word partsf

glycosylated hemoglobin

abbrev.

blood test that measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in blood; used to diagnose hypothyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy

diagnostic term (laboratory)

NOT built from word parts

blood test that measures the amount of thyroid-stimulating hormone in blood; used to diagnose hypothyroidism and to monitor patients on thyroid replacement therapy

diagnostic term (laboratory)

NOT built from word parts

blood test gives direct measurement of amount of thyroxine in pt's blood. Greater than normal indicates indicates hyperthyroidism; lower than normal indicates hypothyroidism

diagnostic term (laboratory)

NOT built from word parts

thyroxine level

abbrev.

adrenocorticohyperplasia

adren/o/cortic/o/hyper/plasia

excessive development of the adrenal cortex

complementary term

built from word parts

adrenopathy

adren/o/pathy

disease of the adrenal gland

complementary term

built from word parts

cortical

cortic/al

pertaining to the cortex

complementary term

built from word parts

corticoid

cortic/oid

resembling the cortex

complementary term

built from word parts

endocrinologist

endocrin/ologist

physician who studies/treats disease of the endocrine (system)

complementary term

built from word parts

euglycemia

eu/glyc/emia

normal (level of) sugar in blood (within normal range)

complementary term

built from word parts

euthyroid

eu/thyroid

resembling normal thyroid gland (= normal thyroid vunction)

complementary term

built from word parts

syndrome

syn/drome

run together (signs/symptoms occurring together that are characteristic of a specific cidosrder)

complementary term

built from word parts