Term
|
Definition
| those with characteristics that are found in over 50% of a population |
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Term
|
Definition
| subgroups of the population that consist of less than 50% of the population |
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Term
|
Definition
| refers to the morbidity and mortality of American Indians/Alaskan natives, Americans of Hispanic origin, Asians and pacific Islanders, and black Americans in the US |
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Term
|
Definition
| (operational definitions) provide working definitions..as with Directive 15 |
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Term
|
Definition
| cultural modification of an individual or group by adapting to or borrowing traits from another culture |
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Term
|
Definition
| a person who flees one area of country to seek shelter or protection from danger in another |
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Term
|
Definition
| individuals who migrate from one country to another for the purpose of seeking permanent residence |
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Term
|
Definition
| a person born in and owing allegiance to a country other than the one in which he/she lives |
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Term
|
Definition
| an individual who entered this country without permission |
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Term
|
Definition
| relating to a combination of social and economic factors |
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Term
| cultural and linguistic competence |
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Definition
| a set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency, or among professionals that enables effective work in cross-cultural situations |
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Term
|
Definition
| health care facilities or health professionals that provide health care services |
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Term
| Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946 (Hill-Burton Act) |
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Definition
| federal legislation that provided substantial funds for hospital construction |
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Term
| third-party payment system |
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Definition
| a health insurance term indicating that bills will be paid by the insurer and not the patient or the health care provider |
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Term
| American Health Security Act of 1993 |
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Definition
| the comprehensive health care reform introduced by then President Clinton, but never enacted |
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Term
|
Definition
| health plans that integrate the financing and delivery of health care services to individuals who are covered by arrangements with selected providers who furnish comprehensive services to members; explicit criteria for the selection of health care providers; significant financial incentives for members to use providers and procedures that are associated with the plan; and formal programs for quality assurance and utilization review |
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Term
| population-based public health practice |
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Definition
| incorporates interventions aimed at disease prevention and health promotion, specific protection, and a good share of case findings. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the provision of integrated accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community |
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Term
|
Definition
| specialized attention and ongoing management for ommon and less frequently encountered medical conditions, including support services for people with special challenges due to chronic or long-term conditions |
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Term
|
Definition
| specialized and technologically sophisticated medical and surgical care for those with unusual or complex conditions (generally no more than a few percent of the need in any service category.) |
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Term
|
Definition
| care provided after successful treatment or when the progress of an incurable disease has been arrested |
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Term
|
Definition
| different kinds of help that people with chronic illnesses, disabilities, or other conditions that limit them physically or mentally need |
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Term
|
Definition
| health care services provided to individuals shortly before death |
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Term
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Definition
| a program of palliative and support care services providing physical, psychological, social, and spiritual care for dying persons, their families, and other loved ones by a hospice worker |
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Term
|
Definition
| health care professionals with the education and legal authority to treat any health problem |
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Term
|
Definition
| independent providers whose remedies for illnesses produce effects different from those of the disease |
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Term
|
Definition
| independent health care providers whose remedies emphasize the interrelationships of the body's systems in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| a physician who is training in a speciality |
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Term
|
Definition
| independent providers who provide nontraditional forms of health care |
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Term
|
Definition
| a nonallopathic independent health care provider who treats health problems by adjusting the spinal column |
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Term
| complementary/alternative medicine (CAM) |
|
Definition
| a group of diverse medical and health care systems, practices, and products that are not presently considered to be a part of conventional medicine |
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Term
|
Definition
| health care providers who provide care for a specific part of the body |
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Term
|
Definition
| those prepared in one to two year programs to provide nontechnical bedside nursing care under the supervision of physicians or RNs |
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Term
|
Definition
| an associate or baccalaureate degree prepared nurse who has passed the state licensing exam |
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Term
|
Definition
| a registered nurse holding a bachelor of science degree in nursing |
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Term
| nonphysician practitioners |
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Definition
| clinical professionals who practice in many of the areas similar to those in which physicians practice, but do not have an MD or DO degree. |
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Term
| allied health care professionals |
|
Definition
| health care workers who provide services that assist, facilitate, and complement the work of physicians and other health care specialists. |
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Term
| public health professionals |
|
Definition
| a health care worker who works in a public health organization |
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Term
|
Definition
| those lacking the financial ability to pay for their won medical care |
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Term
| private (proprietary) or investor-owned hospitals |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| a hospital that provides mainly one type of medicine, is for-profit, and is owned at least in part by the physicians who practice in it |
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Term
|
Definition
| hospitals that are supported and managed by governmental jurisdictions |
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Term
|
Definition
| nonprofit hospitals administered by non-for-profit corporations or charitable community organizations |
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Term
|
Definition
| hospitals that offer services in all or most of the levels of care defined by the spectrum of health care delivery |
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|
Term
| limited-service hospitals |
|
Definition
| hospitals that offer only the specific services needed by the population served |
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|
Term
| ambulatory care facilities |
|
Definition
| facilities that provide a wide array of outpatient services; these can range from hospital based facilities to independently owned facilities |
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Term
|
Definition
| a facility in which restorative care is provided following injury, disease, or surgery |
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Term
|
Definition
| care that is provided in the patient's residence for the purpose of promoting, maintaining, or restoring health |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process by which an agency or organization evaluates and recognizes an institution as meeting certain predetermined standards |
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Term
|
Definition
| the predominant organization responsible for accrediting health care facilities |
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Term
|
Definition
| a method of paying for health care in which after the service is rendered, a fee is paid |
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Term
|
Definition
| a method of paying for covered health care services on a per person premium basis for a specific time period prior to the service being rendered (also referred to as capitation) |
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Term
| State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) |
|
Definition
| a title insurance program under the Social Security Act that provides health insurance to uninsured children |
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Term
|
Definition
| the amount of expenses that the beneficiary must incur before the insurance company begins to pay for covered services. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the portion of the insurance company's approved amounts for covered services that a beneficiary is responsible for paying |
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Term
|
Definition
| a negotiated set amount that a patient pays for certain services |
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Term
|
Definition
| the max amount an insurer will pay for a certain service |
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Term
|
Definition
| a health condition written into the health insurance policy indicating what is not covered by the policy |
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Term
|
Definition
| a medical condition that had been diagnosed or treated usually within the six months before the date a health insurance policy goes into effect |
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|
Term
| self-insured organization |
|
Definition
| one that pays the health care costs of its employees with the premiums collected from the employees and the contributions made by the employer |
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Term
|
Definition
| a national health insurance program for people 65 years and older, certain younger disabled people, and people with permanent kidney failure |
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|
Term
| prospective pricing system |
|
Definition
| one in which providers are paid predetermined amounts of money per procedure for services provided |
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Term
|
Definition
| a procedure used to classify the health problems of all Medicare patients when they are admitted to a hospital |
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Term
|
Definition
| a jointly funded federal-state health insurance program for the poor |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| private health insurance that supplements Medicare benefits |
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|
Term
| quality management and utilization review |
|
Definition
| the analysis of provided health care for its appropriateness by someone other than the patient provider |
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|
Term
| preferred provider organization (PPO) |
|
Definition
| an organization that buys fixed-rate health services from providers and sells them to consumers |
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|
Term
| exclusive provider organization |
|
Definition
| like a PPO but with fewer providers and stronger financial incentives |
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|
Term
| health maintenance organizations (HMOs) |
|
Definition
| groups that supply prepaid comprehensive health care with an emphasis on prevention |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a hybrid form of HMO. make up 40% of HMOs |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a health maintenance organization that hires its own staff of health professionals |
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|
Term
| independent practice association model HMO |
|
Definition
| community based providers, individual practices, or group practices who contract with an HMO to provide covered services for members according to the practices and procedures of the IPA model HMO |
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Term
|
Definition
| one that contracts with a multispecialty group practice |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| one that contracts with more than one medical group practice |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an optino of an HMO plan that enables enrollees to be at least partially reimbursed for selecting a health care provider outside the plan |
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|
Term
| physician hospital organization (PHO) |
|
Definition
| various agreements between physicians and hospitals to form units to negotiate with insurers as MCOs |
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Term
|
Definition
| all the external conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding and affecting the growth and development of an organism or community of organisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| an event of nature that increases the probability of disease, injury or death of humans |
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Term
|
Definition
| unwanted by products of human activities |
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Term
|
Definition
| the process by which cities develop and grow as people from the countryside migrate to cities in search of better jobs |
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Term
|
Definition
| solid refuse from households, agriculture, and businesses |
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Term
|
Definition
| waste generated by individual households, businesses, and institutions located within municipalities |
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Term
|
Definition
| the collection, transportation, and disposal of solid waste |
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Term
|
Definition
| a waste management approach involving the reduction or elimination of the use of materials that produce an accumulation of solid waste |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the collecting, sorting, and processing of materials that would otherwise be considered waste into raw materials for manufacturing new products, and the subsequent use of those new products. |
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Term
|
Definition
| the natural, aerobic biodegradation of organic plant and animal matter to compost |
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Term
|
Definition
| waste disposal sites on land suited for this purpose and upon which waste is spread in thin layers, compacted, and covered with a fresh layer of clay or plastic foam each day. |
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|
Term
| Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976 |
|
Definition
| the federal law that sets forth guidelines for the proper handling and disposal of hazardous wastes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| liquids created when water mixes with wastes and removes soluble constituents from them by percolation |
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|
Term
| combustion (incineration) |
|
Definition
| the burning of solid wastes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a solid waste or combination of solid wastes that is dangerous to human health or the environment |
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|
Term
| Environmental Protection Agency |
|
Definition
| the federal agency primarily responsible for setting, maintaining, and enforcing environmental standards |
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|
Term
| Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act |
|
Definition
| the federal law (known as the Superfund) created to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| property where reuse is complicated by the presence of hazardous substances from prior use |
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Term
|
Definition
| contamination of the air that interferes with the comfort, safety, and health of living organisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| the most pervasive air pollutants in the US |
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|
Term
| national Ambient Air Quality Standards |
|
Definition
| standards created by the EPA for allowable concentration levels of outdoor air pollutants |
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Term
|
Definition
| both wet and dry acidic deposits, which occur both within and downwind of areas that produce emissions containing sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen |
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Term
|
Definition
| an index that indicates the level of pollution in the air and the associated health risk |
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Term
|
Definition
| the gradual increase in the earth's surface temperature |
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Term
|
Definition
| atmosphere gases, principally carbon dioxide, CFGs, methane, and nitrous oxide, that are transparent to visible light but absorb infrared radiation |
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Term
|
Definition
| a family of chemical agents used in industry for such items as propellants, refrigeration, solvent cleaning, and insulation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| ozone gas found in the stratosphere |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a secondary air pollutant created when primary and other secondary pollutants react with oxygen and sunlight |
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Term
|
Definition
| a condition that occurs when warm air traps cooler air at the surface of the earth |
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Term
|
Definition
| the federal law that provided the government with authority to address interstate air pollution |
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Term
|
Definition
| the buildup of undesirable gases and particles in the air inside a building |
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Term
|
Definition
| a naturally occurring mineral fiber that has been identified as a Class A carcinogen by the EPA |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| airborne biological organisms or their particles or gases or other toxic materials that can produce illness |
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Term
|
Definition
| gases and particulates generated by burning |
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Term
|
Definition
| a naturally occurring colorless radioactive gas formed during the radioactive decay of uranium-238 |
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Term
|
Definition
| environmental tobacco smoke, tobacco smoke in the environment that can be inhaled by nonsmokers |
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Term
|
Definition
| tobacco smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| tobacco smoke that comes off the end of burning tobacco products |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the inhalation of environmental tobacco smoke by nonsmokers |
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Term
|
Definition
| agents, usually chemicals, that cause cancer |
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|
Term
| volatile organic compounds |
|
Definition
| compounds that exist as vapors over the normal range of air pressures and temperatures |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a water soluble gas used in aqueous solutions in hundreds of consumer products |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a term to descrbe a situation in which the air quality in a building produces generalized signs and symptoms of ill health in the building's occupants |
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Term
|
Definition
| the promotion of hygiene and prevention of disease by maintenance of clean conditions through hygienic disposal or recycling of waste material, such as human fecal waste |
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Term
|
Definition
| precipitation that does not infiltrate the ground or return to the atmosphere by evaporation; the water in streams, rivers, and lakes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| water located under the surface of the ground |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an underground soil formation that is saturated with water and available for human use by pumping |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any physical or chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or make it unfit for other uses |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| pollution that can be traced to a single identifiable source |
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|
Term
| nonpoint source pollution |
|
Definition
| all pollution that occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| water that flows over land surfaces (including paved surfaces_, typically from precipitation |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the aqueous mixture that remains after water has been used or contaminated by humans |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a semiliquid mixture of soild waste that includes bacteria, viruses, organic matter, toxic metals, synthetic organic chemicals and solid chemicals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a watertight concrete or fiberglass tank that holds sewage; one of two main parts of a septic system |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the element of a septic system in which the liquid portion of waste is distributed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the federal law aimed at ensuring that all rivers are swimmable and fishable and that limit the discharge of pollutants in US waters to zero |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the area of land from which all the water that is under it or drains from it goes into the same place and drains in one point; for ex, the Mississippi river watershed drains and collects all the water from the land extending from east of the Rocky mountains to the Appalachian mountains and from the upper Midwest all the way south to the Gulf of Mexico |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the federal law that regulates the safety of public drinking water |
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Term
|
Definition
| energy released when atoms are split or naturally decay from a less stable to a more stable form |
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Term
|
Definition
| radiation that comes from outerspace the sun |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| radiation that comes from radioactive minerals within the earth |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| radiation in the human body that occurs as a result of ingesting food and inhaling air containing radioactive particles |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive sound; unwanted sound |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the loudness or intensity of sound, measured in decibels |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a measure of sound amplitude |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the study and management of environmental conditions that affect the health and well being of humans |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| factors or conditions in the environment that increase the risk of human injury, disease, or death |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| living organisms (and viruses) or their products that increase the risk of disease or death in humans |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the practice of establishing and maintaining healthy or hygienic conditions in the environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| a disease transmitted through contamination of drinking water (for ex, typhoid fever) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a disease transmitted through the contamination of food (for ex, salmonella) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a communicable disease transmitted by insects or other arthropods (for ex, st. louis encephalitis) |
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|
Term
| waterborne disease outbreak |
|
Definition
| a disease in which at least 2 people experience a similar illness after the ingestion of drinking water or after exposure to water used for recreational purposes and epidemiological evidence implicates water as the probable source of the illness. |
|
|
Term
| foodborne disease outbreak |
|
Definition
| the occurrence of 2 or more cases of a similar illness resulting from the ingestion of food |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| environmental workers responsible for the inspection of restaurants, retail food outlets, public housing, and other sites to ensure compliance with public health codes |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a living organism, usually an insect or other arthropod, that can transmit a communicable disease agent to a susceptible host (for ex, mosquito or tick.) |
|
|
Term
| vectorborne disease outbreak |
|
Definition
| the occurrence of 2 or more cases of a vectorborne disease |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a systemic, bacterial, tickborne disease with symptoms that include dermatologic, arthritic, neurologic, and cardiac abnormalities |
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Term
|
Definition
| hazards caused by the mismanagement of chemicals |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any organism-a multi celled animal or plant, or a microbe-that has an adverse effect on human interests |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| synthetic chemicals developed and manufactured for the purpose of killing pests |
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|
Term
| target organism (target pest) |
|
Definition
| the organism for which a pesticide is applied |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| all other susceptible organisms in the environment, for which a pesticide was not intended |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a pesticide that kills plants |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a pesticide that kills insects |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a naturally occurring mineral element found throughout the environment and used in large quantities for industrial products |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| radiation energy with wavelengths (0-400nm) |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the initial phase of the population growth S-curve when growth is slow |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the middle phase of the population growth S-curve when the birth rate is > the death rate |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| when the birth and death rates for a given population are = |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the last phase of the population growth S-curve when the birth and death rates are = |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the max population size that can be supported by available resources |
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|
Term
| Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) |
|
Definition
| the nation's official emergency response agency |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| physical damage to the body resulting from mechanical, chemical, thermal, or other environmental energy |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an injury that occurred without anyone intending that harm be done |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an injury that is purposely inflicted, either by the victim or by another |
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|
Term
| injury prevention (control) |
|
Definition
| an organized effort to prevent injuries or to minimize their severity. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any behavior that would increase the probability of an injury occurring |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| any environmental factor or set of factors (physical or social) that would increase the probability of an injury occurring |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an unsafe act or condition |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an injury that results in one or more deaths |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an injury causing any restriction of normal activity beyond the day of the injury's occurrence |
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|
Term
| model for unintentional injuries |
|
Definition
| the public health triangle (host, agent, and environment) modified to indicate energy as the causative agent of injuries |
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|
Term
| injury prevention education |
|
Definition
| the process of changing people's health-directed behavior so as to reduce unintentional injuries |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the enactment and enforcement of laws to control conduct |
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|
Term
| automatic (passive) protection |
|
Definition
| the modification of a product or environment so as to reduce unintentional injuries |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the process of seeking justice for injury through courts |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the use of physical force by one family member against another, with the intent to hurt, injure, or cause death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an act or failure to act by a parent, caretaker, or other person as defined under state law that results in physical abuse, neglect, meidcal neglect, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, or an act or failure to act that presents an imminent risk of serious harm to a child |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the intentional physical, emotional, verbal, or sexual mistreatment of a minor |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| the failure of a parent or guardian to care for or otherwise provide the necessary subsistence for a child |
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|
Term
| intimate partner violence |
|
Definition
| rape, physical assault, or stalking perpetrated by current or former dates, spouses, or cohabiting partners |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| an association of peers bound by mutual interests and identifiable lines of authority, whose acts generally include illegal activity and control over a territory or an enterprise |
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