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| the study of the origin of words |
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| the study of the nature of being |
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| the process of giving or receiving systematic instruction in an instution |
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| teaching a group of people to accept a set of beliefs without criticism |
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| the first paid tutor , a greek teacher of the elite |
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| seeing, intuition - the opposite of discursive thinking |
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| seeing through - discursive thinking. thinking analytically and logically |
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| thinking analytically and logically - digressing from subject to subject sequentially |
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| the ability to understand something immediately |
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| reason conducted by strict principles of validity |
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| law of the excluded middle |
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| the principle of non-contradiction: either one theory is true or its negation is |
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| an exchange of opposite views with the aim of proving the other wrong |
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| the reference to a particular instance by reference to a general law - from small to big |
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| the inference of a general law from particular instances - from big to small |
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| second most frequent logical device - a principal that suggests a probable causal relationship btwn two items |
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| a small portion signifying the bigger picturesa |
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| a comparison between two things based on their similar structures |
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| to say one thing by means of another |
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| a comparison of one thing to another thing of a different kind to make a description more vivid |
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| applying a word/phrase to another that is not literally applicable |
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| an object whose presence indicates the occurence of something else |
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| correspondence theory of truth |
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| the truth or falsity of a statement is determined only by how its related to the world |
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| transofrmative theory of truth |
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| used with disclosive language to connote meanings beyond the concrete |
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| language that leads to the understanding of knowledge |
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| representational language |
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| language that is characterized by that which it is compared to in a one to one ratio |
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| the belief that things have a set of characteristics that make them what they are - essence is PRIOR to existence |
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| a collection of culturally shared artifacts with a set of meanings |
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| there is an absolute truth and no other position matters |
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| cop out: no absolute truth exists |
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| an acknowledged absolute truth that will probably never be understood |
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| saying the same thing twice in different words |
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| the proposition to be proven is assumed implicitly in the premise |
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| classically valid argument form : a is b or c, a is not c, a is b |
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| false dichotomy - making known that only two options are possible when there are more |
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| refuting a proposition by creating the illusion of disproving the other by substantiating with a superficially similar argument |
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| misleading use of a term with more than one meaning |
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| fallacy to the false clause |
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| creates a cause and effect relationship when none actually exists |
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| a statement is correct because the person making the agrument is a source of authority |
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| attempting to link the validity of a premise to a characteristic of the person presenting the premise |
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| a conclusion is assumed based on someone's origin |
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| the causal relationship between conduct and result |
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| mutual relationship between two or more things |
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| an effect cannot happen unless a certain factor is present |
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| an effect always happens if a certain factor is present |
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