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HPA 310 Urinary
Dr. Dansky's HPA 310 study set for urinary system on NOV. 17
41
Health Care
Undergraduate 3
11/27/2011

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Cards

Term
Four functions of kidneys
Definition
Excretion
Water-balance
Acid-base regulation
Blood pressure regulation
Term
erythropoietin
definition
Definition
hormone that stimulates RBCs
Term
urea
definition
Definition
stuff excreted by kidneys
Term
diurection
definition
Definition
releasing fluids or solids from the body
Term
pyelonephritis
definition
Definition
UTI
inflammation of kidney
occurs more in women
May infect kidney if left untreated
Term
pyelonephritis
symptoms
Definition
flank pain
Term
hydronephrosis
definition
Definition
-distension with obstructed fluids
-blockage in ureters causes urine to back-up to kidneys
Term
polycystic kidney
definition
Definition
fluid-filled cysts
may cause discomfort
Term
tumors in kidneys
important note
Definition
high cancer rate
Term
kidney stones (calculi)
Definition
mostly calcium
males are higher risk
a cause is dehydration
Term
Peritoneal dialysis
access point
Definition
system used to remove waste from abdominal cavity via catheter
Term
hemodialysis
access point
Definition
access to bloodstream via fistula/shunt
Term
Ureters
definition
desription
function
Definition
Long, slender muscular tubes
Extend from kidney to urinary bladder
Move urine by gravity and peristalsis
Term
Bladder
definition
description
function
Definition
-reservoir that receives and stores urine brought to it by ureters
-temporary reserve for urine
-multiple layers
-mucous membrane
Term
cystitis
definition
Definition
UTI
burning, frequency in urinating
Term
cystitis
risk groups
Definition
women (due to short urethra)
sexually active (wears down tissue, breeds bacteria
Term
cystitis
treatment
Definition
cranberry juice (acidity fights UTI)
antibiotic if long-lasting Sxs
Term
urinary stress incontinence
causes
Definition
sneeze, laugh, more prevalent after giving birth
Term
urinary overflow incontinence
Definition
-wait until bladder is VERY full
-children often put off urinating in pursuit of an interesting activity
Term
enuresis
causes
Definition
-ie: bedwetting
-most common in young males
-treated with ADH
Term
Urethra
Definition
difference between two sexes
Definition
-tube that extends from teh bladder to the outside of the body
-male uses urethra for both reproductive and urinary systems
-female uses urethra for only for urinary system
Term
Hypospadias
definition
Definition
urethra does not extend straight
Term
Urethritis
causes
Definition
-STD
-Friction
-Straddle injuries
Term
Prostate
function
location
Definition
-semen producing gland
-in pelvis
Term
Nocturia
definition
Definition
peeing during the night
Term
BPH
benign prostatic hypertrophy
description
Sx
prevalence
Definition
-obstruction to urine flow
-hesitancy, frequency, nocturia
-higher frequency, smaller amounts
Term
Prostate Medications
example
purpose
Definition
-flomax
-improve flow
-decrease size
Term
TURP
causes...
Definition
-transurethral resection of prostate
-causes impotency
Term
Prostate cyst/nodule
difference
Definition
-cyst-soft, fluid-filled (not cancer)
-nodule-hard, likely cancer
Term
glomerular filtration
definition
Definition
-water and soluble substances forced out of blood
-driven by blood pressure in glomerus
Term
urination
definition
Definition
-process of expelling urine from bladder (micturition)
Term
voluntary vs. involuntary control
Definition
voluntary involves external urethral sphincter, while involuntary involves internal urethral sphincter
Term
urine
composition
Definition
-95% water, 5% dissolved solids and gasses
-ph averages 6.0
-specific gravity measure amount of dissolved substances
Term
normal contstituents of urine
Definition
-nitrogenous waste products
-urea (uric acid + creatinine)
-Pigment
-Electrolytes
sodium chloride, sulfates, phosphates
Term
abnormal constituents of urine
Definition
-glucose: glucosuria (diabetes)
-albumin: albuminaria (protein)
-blood: hematuria (disease)
-Ketones: diabetes mellitis + starving
-WBCs: pyuria (infection)
Term
Effects of aging
Definition
-loss of ability to concentrate urine
-decrease in number and size of nephrons
-increase in blood urea nitrogen
-urinary infections
-prostate enlargement
-decreased bladder capacity
-incontinence
Term
intravenous pylorgram
IVP
definition
Definition
inject dye into arteries before kidneys
Term
uretoscope
Definition
goes up into ureters
Term
cystoscopy
Definition
-evaluate recurrent UTIs
-look for bladder cancer
Term
Lithotripsy
Definition
sound waves to break up kidney stones
Term
Nephrectomy
Definition
kidney removal due to RF, tumor, cancer
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