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HP2
Skeletal Muscle: Structure and Function
47
Health Care
Graduate
02/07/2013

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Term
Skeletal Muscle is a ____ Muscle and is controlled ____
Definition
voluntary; conciously
Term
How many skeletal muscle muscles are there throughout the body
Definition
600
Term
Long axis of a muscle determines
Definition
fiber arrangement
Term
Example of Unipennate
Definition
extensor digitorum longus
Term
Example of Bipennate
Definition
Quadriceps
Term
Example of multipennate
Definition
Deltoid
Term
Fiber arrangement influences
Definition
Force generating capacity
Physiological cross section
Term
Endomysium
Definition
wraps each fiber
Term
Perimysium
Definition
surrounds several fibers and forms bundles called Fasciculi
Term
Epimysium
Definition
Surrounds all the bundles to form the entire muscle
Term
Satellite cells are
Definition
myogenic stem cells located within the sarcolemma
Term
Satellite cells help
Definition
regenerate cell growth
play a role in hypertrophy
Term
Sarcoplasmic reitculum is an
Definition
extensive lattice-like network of tubules and vesicles that provides structural integrity
Stores, releases, and reabsorbs CA2+
Term
Chemical composition of skeletal muscle
Definition
75% water
20% protein
5% salts, phosphates, ions, and macronutrients
Term
Capillarization
Definition
expedites removal of metabolic by-products
increases O2 delivery
Term
Tropomyosin is distributed
Definition
the entire length of the actin filament
Term
Tropomyosin inhibits
Definition
the interaction of actin and myosin
Term
Troponin located in the
Definition
actin filament, it is the calcium receptive protein
Term
troponin keeps myosin from
Definition
binding up with actin
Term
Actin filaments lie in a
Definition
hexagonal pattern around myosin
Term
Crossbridges spiral
Definition
around the myosin where actin and myosin overlap
Term
Tropomyosin lies along
Definition
actin in the groove formed by the double helix
Term
Troponin is embedded at
Definition
regular intervals along actin
Term
Troponin interacts with
Definition
CA2+ and moves tropomyosin, revealing cross-bridge binding sites
Term
The sarcoplasmic reticulum is distributed around
Definition
the myofibrils such that each sarcomere has 2 triads
Term
Each triad contains
Definition
2 vesicles
1 t-tubule
Term
In the sliding filament model, contraction occurs as
Definition
myosin and actin slide past one another
Term
Myosin cross-bridges cyclically
Definition
attatch, rotate, and detatch from actin filaments
Term
Energy for the sliding filament model is provided by
Definition
ATP hydrolysis
Term
Myosin cross-bridges contain
Definition
actin-activated ATPase
Term
ATPase provides
Definition
mechanical power stroke
Term
Myosin head
Definition
bends around ATP molecule and becomes cocked
Term
Motor unit is the
Definition
functional aspect of muscle control
Term
The motor end plate is the point where
Definition
the nerve innervates the muscle fiber
Term
Muscle action is initiated by
Definition
nerve impulse
Term
The nerve releases
Definition
ACh which allows sodium to enter and depolarize the cell
Term
If the cell is sufficiently depolarized,
Definition
an action potential occurs which releases stored CA2+
Term
CA2+ ions bind with
Definition
troponin, which lifts the tropomyosin molecules off the active sites on the actin filament
Term
Once myosin binds with actin,
Definition
the myosin head tilts and pulls the actin filament so they slide across each other
Term
Muscle action ends when
Definition
calcium is pumped out of the sarcoplasm to the SR for storage. CA2+ is actively pumped into SR
Term
For a motor unit to be recruited into activity the motor nerve impulse
Definition
must meet or exceed the threshold
Term
When the motor nerve impulse meets or exceeds threshold,
Definition
all muscle fibers in the motor unit act maximally
Term
If the motor nerve impulse threshold is not met
Definition
no fibers in that unit act
Term
Type 2 fibers have a
Definition
high capacity to Transmit AP
High myosin-ATPase activity
Rapid release and reuptake of Ca2+ by SR
High rate of cross-bridge turnover
Capable of high force generation
Rely on anaerobic metabolism
Term
Type 2a fibers have a
Definition
Fast shortening speed
Fast contractile speed
High SR development
Moderately well-developed capacity for both anaerobic and aerobic energy production
300-800 fibers per motor neuron
Term
Type 2b fibers have
Definition
most rapid shortening velocity
fast contractile speed
high SR devlopment
Rely on anaerobic energy production
Low aerobic capacity
300-800 fibers per motor neruon
Term
Type 1 fibers have
Definition
high aerobic capacity and fatigue resistance
low anaerobic capacity and motor unit strength
slow contractile speed
10-180 fibers per neuron
low SR development
Slower Ca2+ release and reuptake by SR
Large number of mitochondria
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