redox reaction

oxidation

is an organic molecule that cells make from the vitamin niacin and use to shuttle electrons in redox reactions.

In the energy staircase analogy of electrons “falling” from glucose to oxygen the transfer of electrons from an organic molecule to NADH represents the first step.

Occurs in the cytoplasmic fluid of the cell that is, outside the organelles. Glycolysis begins respiration by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.

Takes place within the mitochondria completes the breakdown of glucose by decomposing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide.

Involved the electron transfer chain and a process known as chemiosmosis.

the potential energy of this concentration gradient is used to make ATP.

Protein complexes built into the inner membrane that synthesizes ATP.

an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a substrate molecule directly to ADP forming ATP. This process produces a small amount of ATP in both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.

 Is a high energy fuel molecule for the citric acid cycle.

Is a type of fermentation that people have made use of for thousands of years in brewing, winemaking, and baking.

Unlike muscles cells and yeasts many bacteria that live in stagnant ponds and deep in the soil are strict anaerobes.