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How cells function
chapter 2 McDougal Littell California
15
Science
7th Grade
10/06/2009

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Term
chemical reaction
Definition
a process which bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds are formed.
Term
carbohydrate
Definition
a type of molecule made up of subunits of sugar
Term
lipids
Definition
are fats, oils, and waxes found in living things.
Term
proteins
Definition
are a type of molecule made of smaller molecules called amino acids.
Term
nucleic acids
Definition
are molecules that hold the instructions for cells to develop, grow and reproduce themselves.
Term
chemical energy
Definition
an energy stored in the bonds between atoms of every molecule.
Term
glucose
Definition
a sugar molecule that is a major energy source for most cells, produced by the process of photosynthesis.
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
the process that plant cells use to change the energy from sunlight into chemical energy.
Term
chlorophyll
Definition
a light- absorbing pigment, or colored substance, that traps the energy in the sunlight.
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
a process in which cells use oxygen to release energy stored in sugars such as glucose.
Term
fermentation
Definition
the process by which cells release energy without oxygen.
Term
diffusion
Definition
the process by which the molecules spread out, or move from areas where there are many of them to areas where there are fewer of them. (perfume)
Term
passive transport
Definition
the movement of materials that does not use the cell's energy.
Term
osmosis
Definition
the diffusion of water through a membrane.
Term
active transport
Definition
the process of using energy to move materials through a membrane.
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