Term
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Definition
| Disease is caused by usual or environmental flora only when normal host-microbe relationship is altered |
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Term
| What are four examples of antiphagocytic factors? |
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Definition
1) Capsule
2) Leukocidin
3) Coagulase
4) Survival of phagocytosis |
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Term
| State the meaning of microbial virulence. |
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Definition
| How easily the microbe survives the normal host defenses and the severity of damage it causes the infected host |
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Term
| What is innate resistance? |
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Definition
| Inborn as a result of the genetic constitution (make-up) of a species or an individual; independent of previous experience |
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Term
| What is the job of the cilia of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
| Move particles to the throat where they are swallowed. |
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Term
| What does an acid pH do for a host? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| "Foreign" particles are ingested and digested by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, and macrophages |
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Term
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Definition
| An antibody that combines with bacterial cells and makes them more susceptible to phagocytosis |
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Term
|
Definition
| An association between organisms in which one benefits and the other neither benefits nor is harmed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Both the microbe and host derive benefits from the relationship. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A symbiotic relationship in which one organism (microbe) is metabolically dependent on another organism (host); the host may or may not be harmed. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Those microorganisms which are normally and consistently found in or on the body in the absence of disease |
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Term
| What is an Infectious disease? |
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Definition
| The growth and spread of a pathogen in or on a host resulting in injury to the host tissue. |
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Term
| What are the 6 modes of transmission? |
|
Definition
1. Direct contact with the skin or mucous membranes of a diseased person
2. Direct contact with diseased animals
3. Indirectly through the air on droplets or dust
4. Indirectly through contamination of food and water.
5. Indirectly through inanimate articles
6. By vector - arthropods that transmit microbes from one host to another |
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Term
| What are 4 common portals? |
|
Definition
1. Respiratory tract
2. GI tract
3. Mucous membranes
4. Skin |
|
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Term
| What is an Infectious dose? |
|
Definition
| The minimum number of organisms required to establish infection. |
|
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Term
| What is a Lethal Dose 50 (LD50)? |
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Definition
| A dose that is lethal for 50% of the test subjects |
|
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Term
| What is a Subclinical dose? |
|
Definition
| A dose that may lead to immunity without symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What is an Immunization dose? |
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Definition
| A dose that results in immunity with or without symptoms |
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Term
| What are the six microbial virulence factors? |
|
Definition
1. Attachment of microbe to tissue
2. Antiphagocytic factors
3. "Invasive" enzymes
4. Exotoxins
5. Endotoxins
6. Genetic factors |
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Term
| What are the 5 physical/mechanical barriers in host resistance? |
|
Definition
1. Intact skin
2. Mucous membranes
3. Cilia of respiratory tract
4. Peristaltic action of gut
5. Normal flora |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 chemical barriers in host resistance? |
|
Definition
1. Acid pH
2. Bile salts
3. Lysozyme
4. Interferon |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Proteins excreted from the cell that cause specific and widespread effects on the body |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| "Lipid A" component of gram-negative cell wall that is released upon disintegration of the cell that triggers white blood cells to discharge chemicals that induce fever, pain, hemorrhage, blood pressure drop, etc. |
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Term
| What are the three ways DNA is typically transferred among bacteria? |
|
Definition
1. Conjugation
2. Transduction
3. Transformation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Extrachromosomal DNA from the environment |
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Term
|
Definition
| Viral DNA incorporated into bacterial DNA |
|
|
Term
| What is Gene recombination? |
|
Definition
| Pieces of genetic material from one organism are incorporated into the genetic material of another organism. |
|
|
Term
| What is Innate Resistance? |
|
Definition
| Inborn as a result of the genetic constitution of a species not based on antibodies |
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Term
|
Definition
| A process that develops after mechanical injury or exposure to certain chemicals that limits the extent of injury. |
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