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General Microbiology and Immunology
Host Defense Unit One material
41
Microbiology
Graduate
03/28/2018

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Gram positive
Definition

Purple, thick petidoglycan layer

 

teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid

Term
Gram negative
Definition
Pink, thin petidoglycan layer, lipopolysaccharide
Term
mycoplasmas
Definition
no petidoglycan, contain steroids (eg. cholesterol)
Term
mycobacteria
Definition
waxy outer shell made of mycolic acid, distinguished by acid fast stain
Term
Archaeobacteria 
Definition
contain pseudoglycans or pseudomureins instead of petidoglycan
Term
Techoic acids
Definition
has two forms: C polysaccharide (CRP), and F antigen (plasma membrane bound, reacts with Forssman antigen), covalently linked to peptidoglycan, essential to cell viability, involved in initial weak adherence of bacteria to host cells, important factors in virulence
Term
Type III secretion device
Definition
complex structure that transverses both the inner and outer membranes, can act as a syringe to inject proteins into other cells (major virulence factor for some bacteria)
Term
LPS
Definition
lipopolysaccharide, an endotoxin recognized by the host, attached to the cell walls of G-  bacteria
Term
M-protein
Definition
found in Streptococcus pyogenes , interfere with phagocytosis by binding to Fc fragment of antibody or fibronectin, also involved in subsequent adherence and invasion of host cell following initial binding (along with F proteins)
Term
Immunogenicity
Definition
the ability of a particular substance, such as an antigen or epitope, to provoke an immune response in the body of a human or animal; the ability to induce a humoral and/or cell-mediated immune responses
Term
phosphorylcholine
Definition
unique to S. pneumoniae
Term
innate immune response
Definition

Complement

 

CRP

 

Cytokines

 

Chemokines

 

Interferons

 

Toll-like receptors (?)

 

PMNs, Eosinophils, Basophils, monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, Dendritic cells, Mast cells, Platelets

Term
adaptive immune response
Definition

"humoral" - antibodies

 

cytokines

 

interferon-γ

 

T helper (CD3), T killer (CD8), B cells, plasma cells

Term
OMP
Definition
porins in G- bacteria
Term
ECA
Definition

Enterobacterial Common Antigen 

 

an external glycolipid found in the outer membrane of Enterobacteriaceae

Term

Stapylococcal Cytoxins

 

α

 

β

 

δ

 

γ

Definition

α - pore forming

 

β - heat-labile

 

δ - cytolytic surfactant

 

γ - rapid cell death of neutorphils

Term
O antigen
Definition

Protective

 

Rough vs. Smooth

 

Salmonella

Term
endotoxin
Definition
present in cell walls and released when the bacterium disintegrates
Term
exotoxin
Definition
produced by living bacterium and released into surrounding environment
Term
DPA
Definition
dipocolinic acid, found in endospores
Term
TH1 Response
Definition

Most frequently occurs in response to intracellular organism

 

macrophage/TH1 interaction

 

Cytotoxic T cell development

 

IgG mediated

 

Tuberculoid leprosy

Term
TH17 Response
Definition

Most frequently occurs in response to bacterial infection

 

Related to PMNs

Term
TH2 Response
Definition

Most frequently occurs in response to extracellular organisms

 

Humoral immunity

 

IgG, IgA, IgE

 

Lepromatous leprosy

Term
IgM
Definition
First antibody made
Term
IgG
Definition
highly specific, made later in infection
Term
IgA
Definition
moderately to highly specific, mucosal surfaces
Term
IgE
Definition
Highly specific, helminths
Term
Neutrophillia
Definition
indicates bacterial infection
Term
"Left shit"
Definition
indicates sever infection
Term
Lymphocytosis
Definition
indicates viral infeection
Term
Monocytosis
Definition
indicates mycobacterial infection
Term
Eosinophila
Definition
indicates helminth infection
Term
Sed Rate
Definition
above 15 mm in female or 20 mm in male pts indicates inflammation
Term
CRP
Definition

aging, > 8-10 mg/L

 

late pregnancy, 10-40 mg/L

 

active inflammation, bacterial infection, 40-200 mg/L

 

burns, >200 mg/L

Term
C-reactive protein high-sensitivity
Definition

used to asses chronic inflammation associated with the risk of CAD

 

3-8 mg/L = high risk

Term
Describe the CSF profile for bacterial meningitis
Definition

elevated pressure

 

high WBC count

 

PMNs predominant

 

Low Glc

 

high protein

Term
Describe the CSF profile for viral meningitis
Definition

RBCs may be present

 

WBC elevated

 

Lymphocytes elevated

 

Few PMNs present

 

Protein may be nml or mildly elevated

Term
Describe the CSF profile for fungal meningitis
Definition

Pressure elevated

 

WBC elevated

 

Lymphocytes and monocytes present

 

Few PMNs present

 

Glc low

 

Protein elevated

Term
revolvase and resolvase
Definition
needed during replicative transpostion (transposon replicates itself while moving)
Term
Diphtheria toxin
Definition
Corynebacterium, phage B, similar to α toxin
Term
Erythrogenic toxin
Definition
S. pyogenes
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