Term
|
Definition
May be used for a wide variety of reasons.
Have immunosuppressive properties and anti-inflammatory properties.
Medical advice is indicated depending on underlying condition and duration of use.
Long term use may cause weakening of bone and cartilage. |
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Term
|
Definition
May be used for a wide variety of reasons.
Have immunosuppressive properties and anti-inflammatory properties.
Medical advice is indicated depending on underlying condition and duration of use.
Long term use may cause weakening of bone and cartilage. |
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Term
|
Definition
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Are used for pain management and to decrease inflammation, they can also interfere with blood clotting.
If the horse is medicated it may decrease sensation and reaction to pain.
Too much pressure may cause bruising or bleeding in the tissues. |
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Term
| Inflammatory Response Signs |
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Definition
Color [ warmth ] - heart destroys many bacteria; heat given off by increased flow of blood.
Rubor [ redness ] - RBC leaking into blood tissues; Increasing circulation and vasodilation of injured tissues.
Dolor [ pain ] - exert pressure agonist pain receptors.
Tumor [ swelling ] - excess accumulation |
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Term
| How the body defend against pathogens |
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Definition
| Lymphatic system - primary and secondary organs |
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of disease. The term pathogen comes from the Greek word “pathos” meaning disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pathogenetic conditions that may be transmitted between animals and other species, including humans. |
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Term
|
Definition
Microorganism such as viruses, bacteria, protozoa and fungi that cause disease in humans and other species.
Graped into two general types of comfort, direct and indirect. |
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Term
| Example:Direct Transmission |
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Definition
Transmitted agents generally don’t have to survive in the environment for successful transmission to occur.
Occurs from horse to horse contact |
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Term
|
Definition
| Airborne, vehicle, buckets, brushes, bits, or humans. |
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Term
|
Definition
Observing the motion of the horse's head, assessing movement to accentuate lameness, stance, phase, swing phase. Rhythm, infusion, balance, stride length.
Bears of natural gaits [ walk, trot, canter, gallop, back, pace ]
Moving in straight line, moving in circle |
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Term
|
Definition
| What you did and how the horse and tissue responded. You can use info about the techniques/ strokes that worked best for the horse posture or gait analysis. How did the horse stand after the session? |
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Term
|
Definition
| Suggestions for what would benefit the horse based on today’s session. Include recommendation for vet/ chiropractor follow up, homework for owner, and next appointment schedule. |
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Term
|
Definition
Subjective info - info given to you by client
Objective info - report of what you observed and what you found during your treatment. This can include gait and postural analysis, as well as reactions to palpations, strokes atrophy and muscle tension. |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscle belly
Muscle facicles
Fascial membranes
Muscle fibers
Tendinous attachments
Muscle spindle fibers
Golgi tendon organs |
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Term
|
Definition
Agonist
Antagonist
Fixatorm
Synergist
Eccentric and concentric contraction
Isotonic and isometric contraction |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| Muscular System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Relieves muscular tension
Reduces Soreness and fatigue
Reduces trigger point formation
Manually separates muscle fibers
Improves performance [ balance + posture ]
Increases range of motion
Tones weak muscles
Improves muscular nutrition |
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Term
|
Definition
700 Muscles
The muscular system is composed of specialized cells called muscle fibers.
Nearly all movement in the body is the result of muscle contraction. |
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Term
| Skeletal System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Increases mineral retention
Promotes fracture healing |
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Term
|
Definition
Protects vital organs
Provides framework
Supports soft parts of the body
205 bones
Longest bone = Femur |
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Term
| Digestive System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Promotes evacuation of the colon
Relieves colic and intestinal gas
Stimulates digestion |
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Term
|
Definition
| Breaks down the food into smaller and smaller components. |
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Term
| Nervous System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Promotes relaxation
Decreases pain
Relieves local and referred pain caused by hypersensitive trigger points.
Stimulates the release of endorphins
Pressure of a massage interferes with pain in motion entering the spinal cord by stimulating pressure receptors.
Interrupts the pain cycle by relieving muscular spasms, increasing circulation, and promoting rapid disposal of waste products.
Activates sensory receptors |
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Term
|
Definition
| Includes Central and Peripheral nervous system. |
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Term
| Cardiovascular System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Dilates blood vessels
Improves blood circulation
Stimulates release of acetylcholine and histamine for sustained vasodilation.
Replenishes nutritive materials
Reduces ischemia
Decreases blood pressure and reduces heart rate. |
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Term
| Integumentary [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Increases skin temperature
Improves skin condition
Reduces superficial keloid formation |
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Term
|
Definition
Largest organ in the body
Forms a physical barrier between the external and internal environment.
Includes epidermis, dermis,, hypodermis associated glands, hair, and nails. |
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Term
| Respiratory System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Reduces respiration rate
Strengthens the respiratory muscles
Decrease of asthma [ COPD ] attacks
Increases fluid discharge from the lungs
Improves pulmonary functions
Increase in the total amount of air that can be forcibly inspired and expired from the lungs in one breathe. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Network of organs and tissues that help you breathe. |
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Term
| Urinary System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Increases urine output
Promotes the excretion of metabolic wastes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. |
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Term
| Endocrine System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Increases dopamine and serotonin levels. Linked to decrease stress levels and reduce depression.
Reduces cortisol level by activating the relaxation response. Elevated levels of cortisol not only represent highest stress but also inhibit immune function.
Reduces norepinephrine level, which is linked to the relaxation response. |
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Term
| Lymphatic System [ Massage ] |
|
Definition
Promotes lymph circulation
Increases lymphocyte count
Increases the number and function of natural killer cells. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Network of tissues, vessels, and organs |
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Term
|
Definition
Skull
Mandible
Hyoid bone
Cervical vertebrae
Thoracic vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae
Sacral vertebrae
Coccygeal cartilage
Sternum |
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Term
| Appendicular System - Forelimb |
|
Definition
Scapular cartilage
Scapula
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpal bones
Proximal sesamoid bones
Proximal phalanx
Middle phalanx
Distal sesamoid bone [ navicular bone ]
Distal phalanx |
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Term
| Appendicular Skeleton - Hind limb |
|
Definition
Ilium
Pubis
Ischium
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsal Bones
Proximal Sesamoid
Proximal Phalanx
Middle Phalanx
Distal Sesamoid [ navicular ]
Distal Phalanx |
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Term
|
Definition
Structural frame for the body
Level system for moving the muscles
Protects Internal organs
Store minerals, particularly calcium
Production site for blood cells within the marrow. |
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Term
|
Definition
Movement
Produces heat
Helps with posture and joint stability
Transports fluids such as blood
Lymph
Water
Transports nutrients
Involved with involuntary processes such as digestion.
Heartbeat |
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Term
|
Definition
Can be made to move by the nervous system
Can shorten and lengthen by relaxation then return to original length.
Healthy muscle has the ability to stretch to 1 ½ times its resting length. |
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Term
|
Definition
Cardiac [ makes up the heart ]
Smooth [ found in walls of arteries, gastrointestinal tract, bladder, male and female reproductive tracs, respiratory tract. ]
Skeletal [ moves the body ] |
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Term
|
Definition
Matrix - cells, fibers and gland substance
Fiber Types - collagen, elastic and reticular |
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Term
|
Definition
| Hyaline, elastic and fibrous |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Neurological Structure and Function |
|
Definition
Sensory - afferent
Integrative - brain
Motor - efferent
CNS [ central nervous system ] - brain and spinal cord
PNS [ peripheral nervous system ] - SNS, ANS
SNS [ somatic nervous system ]
ANS [ automatic nervous system ]
Sympathetic [ SNS ] - stress related, fight or flight
Porasympathetic [ PNS ] - rest and digest
Neurons - structure and function [ Axons, dendrites, schwann cells ]
Meninges, CSF [ cerebral spinal fluid ]
Parts of the brain
Cranial nerves and spinal nervous
Types of receptors |
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Term
| Physiological Effects of Massage |
|
Definition
Increases circulation of blood and other body fluids.
Releases endorphins [ natural pain killers ]
Increases the excretion of toxins
Relaxes muscle spasms/ relieves tension
Alleviates stiffness and restores mobility to injured tissues.
Prevents injuries and loss of mobility in potential trouble spots.
Increases range of motion
Enhances muscle tone
Increases flow of nutrients to muscles
Reduces inflammation and swelling
Lowers blood pressure
Improves animal’s dispostion
Increases athletic performance
Maintains overall physical condtion |
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Term
|
Definition
| The desired effect is to spread the muscle fibers and increase circulation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| A form of compression that involves the use of your thumbs, finger pads, or elbows. The desired effect is to relieve hypertonia and increase circulation to a specific point [ such as a trigger or stress point ]. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Wide based stroke. The desired effect is to prepare tight muscles for deeper work, relieve fatigue, and soothe and sedate when used as a finishing stroke. Effleurage is used to release fascial restriction. Palpation stroke. |
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Term
|
Definition
| It's where the skin muscles are raised from the ordinary position then squeezed, rolled, or pinched with firm pressure usually in a semi-circulation direction. Terms such as kneading, rolling, pressing, squeezing, twisting, picking- up, winging, and skin rolling are applied to petrissage. The desired effect is freeing adhesions, stimulating nerve endings, removing accumulation of fluid and waste, releases spasms and improves circulation. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Meant to affect the deeper layer of tissue. Friction techniques work by compressing tissue agonist bone. The desired effect is freeing adhesions, breaking up deposits of waste, and stimulating tendons and ligaments. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Executed with cupping hands, fingers, or the edge of the hand with short, alternating taps. The desired effect is to relieve muscle atrophy by increasing contraction of muscle and to temporarily decrease nerve sensation so deeper techniques can be applied to an area. Variations are called tapping, cupping, hacking, or slapping. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Good use with deeper muscles and joints. The desired effect is to loosen tissues and joints. |
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Term
|
Definition
Used to enhance the horse’s warm up. Goal is to fill the muscle with well oxygenated, nutrient filled blood.
Looking to stimulate circulation, nerve muscle activity.
Strokes to consider: Tapotement, Effleurage, Rubbing, Rapid strokes, Petrissage, compression.
Avoid deep friction
Stretching |
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Term
|
Definition
Used to reduce trauma that has occurred during the event. Objective is to flush the toxins that are released during heavy muscle activity, speed recovery and thus reduce the risk or future injury.
Looking to soothe, help with recovery, move fluids, eliminate waste, calm the nervous system, and stimulate lymphatic system.
Strokes to consider, passive touch, effleurage, and compression.
Avoid deep friction
Gentle stroking |
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Term
| Proper Stretching Techniques |
|
Definition
Stretching reduces muscle tension, preventing muscle pulls and ligament injuries.
Make sure muscles are warm before stretching
The ideal time is after a warm-up, workout, or after massage.
Stretch extremities slowly to full range of motion, being careful to not overstretch.
Stretch safely- release stretches gently, guiding legs all the way back to the ground. |
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Term
| Documentation/ Record Keeping |
|
Definition
Dates of each treatment
Info on horse
Owner’s Info
Location Information
History and background info on horse
Personality traits of horse
Medications/supplements used
Current training/disciplines
Major complaint info
Space to note areas treated and findings
Recommendations post massage, general comments |
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Term
|
Definition
owner /animal information is confidential
Information cannot be shared without the owner's consent.
Records should be properly maintained |
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Term
|
Definition
Using just the touch and feel of your fingers on your horse, you’ll be able to:
Make sure your horse isn’t in any pain before you hop on his back
Better understand exactly where your horse may be experiencing tightness or soreness
Come up with a game plan before you ride to address any muscle issues - such as incorporating transitions, backing, or bending |
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Term
|
Definition
Make sure the horse isn’t in any pain.
Better understand exactly where your horse may have tightness or soreness.
Use your hand to go over the body. |
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Term
|
Definition
Standing square on level surface
Compare left to right |
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Term
| Recognize situations that are contraindications. Do not massage if: |
|
Definition
Horse is in shock - shock lowers blood pressure [ massage lowers it even more ]
Horses have fever - fever is the body's way to fight infections. [ massage could elevate the fever ]
Horse has cancer - Massage could spread the condition [ get approval from the vet ]
Horses have open wounds - Do not massage these areas.
Horses have torn muscles, tendons, ligaments - can massage only after vet’s approval due to increased risk of inducing bleeding.
Horses have skin problems like ringworm - massage could cause it to spread.
Acute stages of diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| The study of principles of biomechanics [ the branch of physiology that studies the mechanics and anatomy in relation to movement ] as it relates to health and disease. Biomechanics is a part of kinesiology. Kinesiology is the study of the anatomical and mechanical basis of movement. This includes the study of anatomy, muscle physiology and mechanics in an effort to arrive at a more complete picture of movement. |
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Term
|
Definition
Near side [ left side ]
Off side [ right side ]
Dorsal - towards the back [ dorsum ]
Ventral - towards the belly [ venter ]
Cranial - towards the head [ skull ]
Caudal - towards the tail [ cada ]
Rostral - closer to the nose [ rostrum ]
Proximal - on the limb, closer to the body
Distal - on the limb, further away from the body
Axial - towards axis
Abaxial - away from the axis |
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Term
|
Definition
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Lateral Rotation
Medial Rotation |
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Term
|
Definition
Fibrous-sutures, syndesmosis
Cartilaginous- symphysis, intervertebral discs
Synovial |
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|
Term
| Structure associated with joints |
|
Definition
Articular/ hyaline cartilage
Synovial Membrane
Synovial fluid-hyaluronic acid
Joint Capsule
Ligaments |
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Term
|
Definition
Hinge Joints
Gliding Joints
Ball and socket joint
Pivot Joint |
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Term
|
Definition
Approach the horse in a respectful manner and with good intentions- let him check you out to gain trust and acceptance.
Make sure the location of massage is safe for both you and the horse.
Observe animal’s movements- watch him walk and turn.
Get info from the owner/trainer about horses history and current condition.
Notice condition of horse’s skin and hair
Start slowly with overall hands in evaluation using light pressure.
Observe any reactions to your touch
Note changes in texture and temperature of tissues. |
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Term
|
Definition
Conclude massage with a soothing effect
Walk horse for 5-10 minutes to prevent “after massage stiffness.” |
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Term
|
Definition
Evolution
Warmblood, hotblood, coldblood
Prey animals
Herd animals- herd dynamics
Communicate with body language
Signs of alertness
Signs of threats
Signs of relaxations, enjoyment |
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Term
|
Definition
Approach based on above
Determine restraint method
Crossties
Straight tie
Held by a person
Considerations
In aisle way
In stall |
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Term
| Body mechanics/ personal safety |
|
Definition
Lung position, coming from your center
Proper and appropriate pressure
Body position allows for escape
Handler on the same side you are working |
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Term
| Emergancy first aid for animals |
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Definition
Ensure your own safety
Procedures for puncture wounds
Emergency bandaging
When to call the vet |
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Term
| Scope of practice and liability |
|
Definition
Massage therapy is not substitute for quality veterinary care
Massage therapists do not diagnose disease or illness.
Always refer clients to appropriate health professionals when required.
Establish boundaries/ limitations to protect yourself and your clients.
Personal safety boundaries
Commitment boundaries [ don’t over commit ]
Boundaries of treatment by client |
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Term
|
Definition
Follow all policies, regulations, codes and requirements established by NBCAAM.
Conduct business with honesty and integrity.
Commit to the highest quality of care and service.
Represent your educational and professional experience qualifications honestly.
Accurately inform clients of the scope and limitations of your service.
Acknowledge the contraindications and limitations of massage- refer to other health and professionals when required.
Maintain and improve professional knowledge through continued education and training.
Protect confidentiality of all client information. |
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Term
| Setting up a practice/ marketing |
|
Definition
Determine a business plan and mission statement.
Mission statement- a short written statement of purpose for your business.
Develop Advertising
Investing in insurance- liability, health
Licenses and permits vary by country and state. |
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|
Term
| diaphysis- [dia-a-fuh-suhs] |
|
Definition
| the shaft or central part of a long bone |
|
|
Term
| epiphysis- [uh-pi-fuh-suhs] |
|
Definition
| the end part of a long bone, initially growing separately from the shaft |
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|
Term
| metaphysis- [muh-ta-fuh-suhs] |
|
Definition
| the region where the epiphysis joins the diaphysis |
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|
Term
| periosteum- [peh-ree-ow-stee-uhm] |
|
Definition
| a dense layer of vascular connective tissue enveloping the bones except at the surfaces of the joints |
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Term
|
Definition
| smooth, white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints |
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|
Term
| medullary- [muh-doo-lr-ee] |
|
Definition
| relating to the inner region of an organ, tissue, or structure |
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|
Term
| endosteum- [uhn-daa-stee-uhm] |
|
Definition
| the layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary cavities of bone |
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Term
|
Definition
| the outer layer of the cerebrum (the cerebral cortex ), composed of folded gray matter and playing an important role in consciousness |
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|
Term
| epiphyseal cartilage- [eh-puh-fi-zee-uhl] |
|
Definition
| responsible for the longitudinal growth of the long bones |
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Term
|
Definition
| a tubular anatomical passage or channel |
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Term
|
Definition
| a large prominence, which often provides structural support to the overlying hyaline cartilage |
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|
Term
| epicondyle - [eh-puh-kaan-dile] |
|
Definition
| on the condyle of a long bone, especially either of the two at the elbow end of the humerus. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a particular aspect or feature of something. |
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Term
|
Definition
| an opening, hole, or passage, especially in a bone. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a shallow depression or hollow. |
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|
Term
| trochanter- [trow-kan-tr] |
|
Definition
| any of two bony protuberances by which muscles are attached to the upper part of the thigh bone |
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|
Term
| trochlea - [traa-klee-uh] |
|
Definition
| a structure resembling or acting like a pulley, such as the groove at the lower end of the humerus forming part of the elbow joint. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a small rounded projection or protuberance, especially on a bone or on the surface of an animal or plant |
|
|
Term
| tuberosity - [tyoo-buh-ros-uh-tee] |
|
Definition
| large prominence on a bone usually serving for the attachment of muscles or ligaments. |
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Term
|
Definition
| a fleshy underground stem or root serving for reproductive and food storage |
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Term
|
Definition
| the formation of blood cells in the living body |
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