Term
| Growth Hormone - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary - Somatotropes |
|
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Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary - Thyrotrophs |
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|
Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormonte - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary - Gonadotrophs |
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Term
| Luteinizing Hormone - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary - Gonadotrophs |
|
|
Term
| Prolactin - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Anterior pituitary - Lactotrophs |
|
|
Term
| Andrenocorticotrophic Hormone - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Anterior Pituitary - Corticotrophs |
|
|
Term
| Oxytocin - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus - Released by posterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus - Released by posterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| Serotonin/Melatonin - Site of Production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4) - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Thyroid follicles (colloid & follicular cells) |
|
|
Term
| Calcitonin (mainly in children) - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| C Cells of thyroid (parafollicular) |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (important in adults) - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Parathyroid - Chief Cells |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone(mineralocorticoids) - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Adrenal cortex - Zona Glomerulosa |
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|
Term
| Cortisol (glucocorticoids) - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Adrenal cortex - Zona Fasciculata |
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|
Term
| Androgens (Small Amount Only!!) - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Andrenal cortex - Zona Reticularis |
|
|
Term
| Insulin - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Pancreatic islets - Beta cells (pancreas - endocrine) |
|
|
Term
| Glucagon - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Pancreatic islets - Alpha cells (pancreas - endocrine) |
|
|
Term
| Somatostatin - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Pancreatic islets - Delta cells (pancreas - endocrine) |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Andrenal Medulla (pancreas - exocrine) |
|
|
Term
| Progesterone - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Ovary - Corpus luteum (follicle after ovulation) |
|
|
Term
| Inhibin - Site of Production |
|
Definition
| Sertoli cells (Testes) & Corpus luteum (Ovary) |
|
|
Term
| Thymopoietin & Thymosins - Site of Production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Growth Hormone - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| "All tissues of body particularily skeletal muscle, bone & cartilage" |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormonte - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| Females - follicle cells of ovaries Males - Sertoli cells in testes |
|
|
Term
| Luteinizing Hormone - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| Females - follicle cells of ovaries Males - Leydig cells in testes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Andrenocorticotrophic Hormone - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| Collecting ducts of kidney & Hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4) - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcitonin (mainly in children) - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (important in adults) - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone(mineralocorticoids) - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| "Kidneys, sweat & salivary glands, pancreas" |
|
|
Term
| Cortisol (glucocorticoids) - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All cells; primary muscle & liver cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Somatostatin - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| Other islet cells (Alpha & Beta) |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Progesterone - Target Organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus & Anterior pituitary |
|
|
Term
| Thymopoietin & Thymosins - Target Organ |
|
Definition
| "WBC production, bone marrow" |
|
|
Term
| Growth Hormone - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| High blood sugar - Release of GHIH from Hypothalamus. Liver cells don't break down glycogen. Low blood sugar - Release of GNRH from Hypothalamus. Liver cells break down Glycogen. |
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|
Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Decreased T3 & T4 concentrations in blood. Low body temperature. Hypothalamus releases thyrotropin-releasing hormone. |
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|
Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormonte - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
|
|
Term
| Luteinizing Hormone - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus releases gonadotropin-releasing hormone |
|
|
Term
| Prolactin - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Increased estrogen & progesterone levels. Nursing/suckeling Hypothalamus inhibits by prolacting inhibiting hormone. |
|
|
Term
| Andrenocorticotrophic Hormone - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Hypothalamus releases corticotropin-releasing hormone. Response to stress |
|
|
Term
| Oxytocin - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| "Birth, nipple stimulation, orgasm (Positive feedback loop)" |
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| "Rise in solute {NA} concentration in blood (dehydration), fall in blood volume or blood pressure" |
|
|
Term
| Serotonin/Melatonin - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| "Darkness/light, Puberty" |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4) - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calcitonin (mainly in children) - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Increased {Ca} in body fluids |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (important in adults) - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Decreased {Ca} in body fluids |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone(mineralocorticoids) - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| "Drop blood Na content, blood volume or pressure. Rise in blood potassium levels" |
|
|
Term
| Cortisol (glucocorticoids) - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Stimulated by release of ACTH from anterior pituitary (stress) |
|
|
Term
| Androgens (Small Amount Only!!) - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Stimulated by release of ACTH |
|
|
Term
| Insulin - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Increased blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| Glucagon - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Decreased blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| Somatostatin - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Rise in blood glucose and amino acids after a meal |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Stimulation of sympathetic ganglion |
|
|
Term
| Progesterone - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Stimulated by luteinizing hormone |
|
|
Term
| Thymopoietin & Thymosins - Cause of Release |
|
Definition
| Assist in developing immune system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Stimulates liver to produce insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) - Affects mitosis & cellular differentiation - Protein synthesis - Glucose-sparing effect, fatty acids broken down instead of glucose - Moderate blood sugar & avoid spikes from insulin & glucagon. " |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone - Effects |
|
Definition
| T3 & T4 synthesis & secretion. Increased metabolism |
|
|
Term
| Follicle Stimulating Hormonte - Effects |
|
Definition
| Development of mature egg & estrogen production Production of androgen binding protein (testosterone) around developing sperm. |
|
|
Term
| Luteinizing Hormone - Effects |
|
Definition
| Stimulates ovulation & formation of corpus luteum. Corpus Luteum results in secretion of estrogen & progesterone. Production & secretion of testosterone from leydig cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mammary gland development & milk production |
|
|
Term
| Andrenocorticotrophic Hormone - Effects |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoid levels increase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stimulates smooth muscle contraction of uterus. Milk let down (ejection) after birth. Increase pair binding behavior |
|
|
Term
| Antidiuretic Hormone - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Increases sensation of thirst, increases reabsorption of water by kidneys by inserting Aquaporin 2. Decrease sweating and vasoconstriction" |
|
|
Term
| Serotonin/Melatonin - Effects |
|
Definition
| Regulates biological clock/circadian rhythms |
|
|
Term
| Thyroid Hormone (T3 & T4) - Effects |
|
Definition
| " Metabolic rate, heat production, heart rate, respiratory rate, appetite" |
|
|
Term
| Calcitonin (mainly in children) - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Decrease Ca reabsorption by kidneys, increase phosphate reabsorption, stimulate osteoblast & inhibit osteroclast" |
|
|
Term
| Parathyroid Hormone (important in adults) - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Increase Ca reabsorption by kidneys, decrease phosphate reabsorption, stimulates osteoclasts & stimulates formation of calcitriol by kidneys." |
|
|
Term
| Aldosterone(mineralocorticoids) - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Increase Na reabsorption. Cl-, bicarbonate & water follow Promotes excretion of K+ & H+" |
|
|
Term
| Cortisol (glucocorticoids) - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Help regulate metabolism by breaking down proteins (bad) and lipids as energy. Nutrients available for ATP. Vasoconstriction (increase BP). Anti-Inflamatory; reduce histamine from mast, less capillary permability." |
|
|
Term
| Androgens (Small Amount Only!!) - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Sex drive in females, converted to estrogen in postmenopausal femals" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Acceleration of glucose uptake & glucose utilization, glycogen formation" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Stimulates glycogenolysis (break down glycogen), fat catabolism (triglycerides) and absorption of amino acids for gluconeogenesis (glucose production by liver)" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Supresses release of glucagon and insulin by islet cells and slows rate of food absorption and enzyme secretion by digestive tract. |
|
|
Term
| Epinephrine & Norepinephrine - Effects |
|
Definition
| "Longer lasting, increase BP & heart rate, increase blood flow to skeletal muscle, increase air flow, decrease digestion & urine, increase glucose available." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Development of female reproduction system, menstrual cycle/sustain pregnancy & prepare mammary glands for lactation. Secrete inhibin & supress FSH" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Inhibits secretion of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone |
|
|
Term
| Thymopoietin & Thymosins - Effects |
|
Definition
| Thymopoietin = WBC production in bone marrow Thymosins = WBC T-Lymphocytes immune competence. |
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