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| Anything that has mass and takes up space |
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| Matter with the same fixed composition and properties |
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| Simplest form of matter, composed of only one type of atom |
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| A chemical combination of 2 or more elements in a fixed proportion |
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| A combination of 2 or more substances in which the basic identity of each substance is not charged |
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| Not mixed the same throughout |
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| Mixed the same throughout |
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What is being dissolved
Occurs in the lesser extent |
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What is doing the dissolving
Occurs to the greater extent |
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| A change in which the same substance is present before and after the change |
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| A rearrangement of atoms and/or molecules to form one or more new substances with new properties |
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| A characteristic of matter that is exhibited without a change in identity |
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| A property that can only be observed when there is a change in the composition of a substance |
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| Extensive Physical Property |
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| Does depend on the amount of matter |
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| Intensive Physical Property |
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| Does not depend on the amount of matter present |
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| A technique used to separate liquids based on their boiling points |
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| Fractional Crystallization |
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| The separation of substances by their solubility |
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| The force holding atoms together in a compound or molecule |
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| Two or more atoms bonded together |
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| Two or more different atoms bonded together |
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| Involves the sharing of electrons |
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| Came up with electronegativity |
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| Attraction of an atom for a shared pair of electrons |
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| Line joining the nuclei of 2 bonded atoms in a molecule |
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| Symmetric, Asymmetric, Bending, Rotating |
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Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion
Predicts the 3D shape of molecules |
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| Equivalent orbitals formed from orbitals of different energies |
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| The merging of 2 or more unlike orbitals to form an equal number of identical orbitals in an atom |
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| A bond formed by the direct or end to end overlap of atomic hybrid orbitals |
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| Bond formed by the sideways overlap of P orbitals (Not hybridized) |
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| Atoms are covalently bonded but the molecule has an overall charge |
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| Free to move easily from one atom to the next throughout the metal and don't belong to any particular atom |
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| Forces within a molecules |
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| Force of attraction between polar molecules |
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| At any given instant, the distribution of electrons may be unequal and the positive nucleus of 1 atom may be attracted to the electrons of another |
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| A temporary uneven distribution of electronic charge between an atom at any given instant |
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| Collective name for all intermolecular Forces |
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| 6.02 x 10^23 = 1 mole of something |
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| The actual formula for a compound |
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| The lowest ratio of atoms in a compound |
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| Einstein's Theory of Matter and Energy |
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| E = h(V shaped frequency thing) |
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| c = (Branch thingy for wavelength)(V shaped frequency thing) |
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| Describes the behavior of visible objects at ordinary velocities |
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| Describes the behavior of very small objects at speeds near the speed of light |
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| Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle |
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| It is impossible to know both the exact position and momentum of an electron simultaneously |
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Where electrons are located (clouds)
An orbital can hold 2 electrons |
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| Contain all the orbitals of a given shape |
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| An electron occupies the lowest energy orbital that can receive it |
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| Electrons must occupy all of the given orbitals of a sublevel singularly before pairing begins |
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| An atom with 8 electrons in its outermost shell is considered stable |
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Noticed that Ca, Ba, and Sr all had similar properties and that the mass of Sr was about half-way between Ca and Ba
TRIADS |
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Law of Octaves
Table with 7 rows of 7 |
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| Order of increasing mass with 7 in the first two rows and 17 after that |
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| Made table in order of atomic number |
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