Term
|
Definition
| When offspring are produced by the fusion of gametes from two adults. |
|
|
Term
| What type of cell division is required for sexual reproduction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A preparation showing the number, sizes, and shapes of all of the chromosomes within a cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Chromosomes that are similar in appearance and genetic information to other chromosomes with which it pairs during meiosis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell with pairs of homologous chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A chromosome that occurs in homologous pairs in both males and females and that does not bear the genes determining sex. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Either of the pair of chromosomes that usually determines the sex of an organism; for example, the X and Y chromosomes in mammals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A cell that has only one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
46 Chromosomes
23 Pairs of Chromosomes
44 Autosomes
22 Autosome Pairs
2 Sex Chromosomes
1 Pair of Sex Chromosomes
Example: Skin cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
23 Chromosomes
0 pairs
22 autosomes
0 pairs
1 sex chromosomes
0 pairs
Example: gametes |
|
|
Term
| What is the sex chromosome combination of human males and females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the advantage of reproducing sexually |
|
Definition
| It produces organisms that are genetically unique. There is also a chance for mutations, which are the raw material for evolution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One of several alternative forms of a particular gene. |
|
|
Term
| Why aren't homologous chromosomes identical if they carry the same genes? |
|
Definition
| They may have the same alleles of some genes and different alleles of other genes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The production of haploid nuclei with unpaired chromosomes from a diploid parent nuclei with paired chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
| What is the major difference between meiotic cell division and mitotic cell division? |
|
Definition
| The cell goes through one round of DNA replication and two nuclear divisions instead of just one. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the first meiotic division (meiosis I)? |
|
Definition
| The chromatids are separated and one of each pair is sent into each of two daughter nuclei, producing two haploid nuclei. Each homologue still consists of two chromatids, however. |
|
|
Term
| What happens during the second meiotic division (meiosis II)? |
|
Definition
| The chromatids are separated and are parcelled into each of two more daughter nuclei. At the end of meiosis, there are four haploid daughter nuclei, each with one copy of each homologous chromosome. |
|
|
Term
| What is the end product of meiosis? |
|
Definition
| Four haploid daughter nuclei with one copy of each homologous chromosome are produced. |
|
|
Term
| How does meiosis keep the chromosome number constant from one generation to the next during sexual reproduction? |
|
Definition
| When two haploids fuse together, it produces a diploid. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the process of crossing over during prophase I of meiosis. |
|
Definition
| Crossing over is the exchange of corresponding segments of the choromatids of two homologous chromosomes during Meiosis I, occurs at chiasmata. |
|
|
Term
| Name and describe what is created if the homologous chromosomes that exchange information have different alleles. |
|
Definition
| It creates genetic recombination which is the formation of new combinations of alleles on a chromosome. |
|
|
Term
| What type of genetic variation is created from the shuffling of homologous chromosomes? |
|
Definition
| It creates novel combinations of chromosomes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of genetic variation is created by crossing over? |
|
Definition
| It creates chromosomes with novel combinations of genes. |
|
|
Term
| How does the fusion of gametes create genetic variation of offspring? |
|
Definition
| Because humans can produce millions of different gametes, the fusion of gametes could produce 64 million genetically different children. |
|
|
Term
| Mitotic Cell Division (comparing meiosis and mitosis chart) |
|
Definition
Happens in body cells
one cell division
diploid parent and daughter
2 cells produced
does NOT separate homologous chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| Meiotic Cell Division (comparing meiosis and mitosis chart) |
|
Definition
Happens in gametes
Two cell divisions per ONE DNA replication
Diploid parent
Haploid daughter cells
4 cells produced
DOES separate homologous chromosomes |
|
|
Term
| Function of Mitotic Cell Division |
|
Definition
| Cell reproduction, tissue growth, regeneration, growth/repair |
|
|
Term
| Function of Meiotic Cell Division |
|
Definition
| Produces gametes for sexual reproduction |
|
|
