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Hon. English Midterm
Midterm Review
84
English
11th Grade
01/14/2008

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Cards

Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:


Eugene O'Neill Background Info Part 1
Definition
- O'Neill was born October 16, 1888 in NYC
- His father (James) was an actor
- His mother was an Irish immigrant from a wealthy family who had a morphine addiction
- He had 2 brothers = James Jr. and Edward(died from measles at age 1 1/2)
- Eugene's birth started his mothers morphine addiction
- is sent to boarding school, kicked out, goes to another academy where he is a troublemaker
- finds out his mother is and addict at age 15 - blames father
- Attends Princeton for 9 months -suspended and then drops out
^drinks too much
- does odd jobs when 21 marries a girl he knocks up. eventually turns back on wife and son.
- attempts suicide
Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:


Eugene O'Neill Background Info Part 2
Definition
- Decides he will be a play write
- takes a course at Harvard and moves to Greenwich Village to write
--> writing is different from thr traditional work of the time
starts revolution of the American theater
- Gets TB
- marries a second time,has 2 kids,is faithful for a short time
- divorces and marries . . . and divorces for a third time
- becomes ill-similar to Parkinson's = cannot write
-Dies in Boston at age 65 in 1953

ACCOMPLISHMENTS: First play write to win Pulitzer(4), won Noble Prize.
WORK INCLUDES: "Strange Interlude""LDJ""Beyond the Horizon"
Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:


Connection With O'Neill's Life
Definition
O'Neill = the character of Edmund
both suffer from consumption
- O'Neill's father was an Irish alcoholic actor on broadway
- O'Neill's mother was a morphine addict and became so around the time of his birth
- O'Neill did not take life seriously. indulged in booze, whores and life of broadway
- O'Neill had an older brother who died in infancy
Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:

Tyronne
Definition
Husband and father

was once a famous actor who toured the U.S. with his wife

his father abandonned him when he was 10 - he had to go to work in a machine factory/no school/had to learn to support a family; very poor growing up.

he has a strong work ethic but is very stingy
- stinginess leads to Mary's addiction

Buys worthless property frequently but never really makes a home for his family.
Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:

Mary
Definition
Wife and mother

struggles with a morphine addiction and cannot recover
-uses more and more throughout the day - the worst is at night
-her family causes her much grief:Tyronne,sons,and dead infant.

-she loves Tyronne but regrettes giving up her dreams of playing piano or becoming a nun to marry him
(not happy and does not feel at home)

-isolated
-lives in the past in a state of denile
Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:

Edmund
Definition
the youngest son in his early 20's

-he is an intellectual and romantic dreamer who loves poetry and is in love with death
-suffering from consumption(TB)and ends up going to a sanatorium
-is partially an alcoholic and attempted suicide
-works harder than his older brother Jamie
squanders money
however, there is still hope
Jamie tries to drag him down
-is the last to know about marries addiction

Nervous like mother, introverted, optimistic
Term
LONG DAY'S JOURNEY INTO NIGHT:

Jamie
Definition
The oldest son in his thirties

-Squanders money on booze and women
-has to rely on parents for support
-dropped out of several colleges and has little ambition
-was an actor for a short time
-purposely leads Edmund down the wrong path so he will not be so terrible in his parents eyes upon comparison

Does not smile,cynical,argumentative,resentful
Is the most realistic of family memebers
Term
FOUNTAINHEAD:

Ayn Rand Background Info
Definition
-Born on February 2, 1905 in St. Petersburg
-Real name is Anna Rosenbaum

-The communists took over Russia and he father's shop.
Family moved to Crimea but attended college in Russia
Moved to U.S.(NY then Hollywood)
-Was an extra and screenwriter
Met her husband on set of "King of Kings"

-Began The Fountainhead in 1935
Term
FOUNTAINHEAD:

Any Rand's Philosophy
Definition
- The main ideas in The Fountainhead show her philosophy by saying that people should do what they believe in and anyone who tries to stop an individual's creativity is evil.

- One's own life and happiness are one's highest values, and that one does not exist as a servant or slave to the interests of others. Each person's own life and happiness is his ultimate end.

***OBJECTIVISM (see other note card)
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Howard Roark Background Info
Definition
(Character is based on the architect Frank Lloyd Wright)

Physically=tall,gaunt,grey eyes,bright orange hair

-The novel's hero
-brilliant architect of absolute integrity
-The novel's idealization of man = the perfect man
--> Endured pain/hardship but perseveres
--> Stands for "good" (opposite of Peter)
--> Has an ego but is not egotistical
--> Does not care what others think
--> He is objective
--> Realist who controls his own destiny
--> Ignores status and wealth
--> character does not develop
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Howard Roark/Artist and Art
Definition
Architecture = modern
- clean cut
-eliminates over detailing
-defined lines
-heavy use of glass/windows/granite
*does not change the construction site;designs the building to fit within the natural setting

Art = never compromises
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

"Fountainhead"
Definition
a fountainhead = an originator

?? - ask Rhoads
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Toohey's Column
Definition
-Toohey uses "The Banner" to control citizens as if in a Totalitarian State.

-uses his influence over the masses to hinder Howard Roark
--> Having no true genius that such innovators as Roark possess, he makes himself excellent by manipulating excellence; to destroy that which is great and spread the word that altruism is the ultimate ideal.
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Form Follows Function
Definition
Form follows function is a principle associated with modern architecture and industrial design in the 20th Century, which states that the shape of a building or object should be predicated or based on its intended function or purpose.
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Gail Wynand's Boat
Definition
Gail Wynand's boat is named "I Do."
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Stockings Symbolism
Definition
Willy’s strange obsession with the condition of Linda’s stockings foreshadows his later flashback to Biff’s discovery of him and The Woman in their Boston hotel room. The teenage Biff accuses Willy of giving away Linda’s stockings to The Woman. Stockings assume a metaphorical weight as the symbol of betrayal and sexual infidelity. New stockings are important for both Willy’s pride in being financially successful and thus able to provide for his family and for Willy’s ability to ease his guilt about, and suppress the memory of, his betrayal of Linda and Biff.
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Charley
Definition
Willy’s next-door neighbor. Charley owns a successful business and his son, Bernard, is a wealthy, important lawyer. Willy is jealous of Charley’s success. Charley gives Willy money to pay his bills, and Willy reveals at one point, choking back tears, that Charley is his only friend
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Willy Loman
Definition
An insecure, self-deluded traveling salesman. Willy believes wholeheartedly in the American Dream of easy success and wealth, but he never achieves it. Nor do his sons fulfill his hope that they will succeed where he has failed. When Willy’s illusions begin to fail under the pressing realities of his life, his mental health begins to unravel.

*skewed idea of the American Dream
*obsession with American Dream ruins his life

-is not successful, happy, or a good father/husband
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Howard
Definition
Willy’s boss. Howard inherited the company from his father, whom Willy regarded as “a masterful man” and “a prince.” Though much younger than Willy, Howard treats Willy with condescension and eventually fires him, despite Willy’s wounded assertions that he named Howard at his birth.
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Ben
Definition
Willy’s wealthy older brother. Ben has recently died and appears only in Willy’s “daydreams.” Willy regards Ben as a symbol of the success that he so desperately craves for himself and his sons.
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Linda
Definition
Willy’s loyal, loving wife. Linda suffers through Willy’s grandiose dreams and self-delusions. Occasionally, she seems to be taken in by Willy’s self-deluded hopes for future glory and success, but at other times, she seems far more realistic and less fragile than her husband. She has nurtured the family through all of Willy’s misguided attempts at success, and her emotional strength and perseverance support Willy until his collapse.
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Happy
Definition
Willy’s thirty-two-year-old younger son. Happy has lived in Biff’s shadow all of his life, but he compensates by nurturing his relentless sex drive and professional ambition. Happy represents Willy’s sense of self-importance, ambition, and blind servitude to societal expectations.
-he works as an assistant to an assistant buyer in a department store, Happy presents himself as supremely important.
-he practices bad business ethics and sleeps with the girlfriends of his superiors
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN:

Biff
Definition
Willy’s thirty-four-year-old elder son. Biff led a charmed life in high school as a football star with scholarship prospects, good male friends, and fawning female admirers. He failed math, however, and did not have enough credits to graduate. Since then, his kleptomania has gotten him fired from every job that he has held. Biff represents Willy’s vulnerable, poetic, tragic side. He cannot ignore his instincts, which tell him to abandon Willy’s paralyzing dreams and move out West to work with his hands. He ultimately fails to reconcile his life

*most affected by Willy's delusional ideals
Term
DEATH OF A SALESMAN::

Presence of a Tragic Flaw
Definition
Willy's tragic flaw = an unwillingness to submit passively to the established order and values

IS WILLY A TRAGIC HERO?: yes =
-tragedy is not restricted to kings and queens
-the common man is capable of heroism and tragedy
-Willy, the contemporary hero, embarks upon a most courageous Odyssey: the descent into the self, where he engages his most dangerous enemy, himself.
Term
WAITING FOR GODOT:

Lucky
Definition
Pozzo's slave, who carries Pozzo's bags and stool. In Act I, he entertains by dancing and thinking. However, in Act II, he is dumb.
Term
WAITING FOR GODOT:

Pozzo
Definition
He passes by the spot where Vladimir and Estragon are waiting and provides a diversion. In the second act, he is blind and does not remember meeting Vladimir and Estragon the night before.
Term
WAITING FOR GODOT:

Estragon
Definition
The second of the two main characters. Vladimir calls him Gogo. He seems weak and helpless, always looking for Vladimir's protection. He also has a poor memory, as Vladimir has to remind him in the second act of the events that happened the previous night.
Term
WAITING FOR GODOT:

Vladamire
Definition
One of the two main characters of the play. Estragon calls him Didi, and the boy addresses him as Mr. Albert. He seems to be the more responsible and mature of the two main characters.
Term
WAITING FOR GODOT:

Godot's Appearance
Definition
lack of appearance

-has a presence but is not seen. (like God)
Term
WAITING FOR GODOT:

Leaves on the Tree
Definition
symbolic for the passing of time from scene to scene.
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Jean
Definition
Jean is Berenger's foil, a highly cultured, somewhat arrogant and angry young man who prides himself on his rationality. He urges Berenger to be more like him. His occasional lapses, however, expose cracks in his façade of efficiency
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Berenger
Definition
Berenger is the protagonist of the play, an Everyman slacker who finds neither his work in an office nor the culture around him fulfilling. Alienated, yet still confused as to why he has been displaced, he is unwilling to commit himself to anything in life but his love for Daisy. His friend Jean constantly reprimands the submissive Berenger for his uncouth appearance and apathetic attitudes.
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Mr. Papillion
Definition
Papillon is the head of Berenger's office. He privileges work above his employees.
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Daisy
Definition
Daisy is Berenger's love interest. She, too, is fairly uncommitted to anything and does not mind the presence of the rhinoceroses. Nevertheless, she is the one other character of proportion in the play that has an emotional life.
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Dudard
Definition
Dudard is a co-worker of Berenger's and a rival for Daisy's affections. He prides himself on his intellect and rationality.
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Mr. Boeuf
Definition
Mr. Boeuf, another co-worker of Berenger's, appears off-stage only as a rhinoceros.
Term
RHINOCEROS:

Ionesco
Definition
"I see myself torn apart by blind forces rising from my innermost self and clashing in some desperate unresolved conflict . . . it is clear that I can never know who I am, or why I am."

*mocks characters that have sensibility and logic.
*human reasoning is essentially meaningless. It is incapable of bringing order into the world because the world itself amounts to nothing but nonsense.
Term
STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

Blanche Dubois
Definition
Stella’s older sister, who was a high school English teacher in Laurel, Mississippi, until she was forced to leave her post. Blanche is a loquacious and fragile woman around the age of thirty. After losing Belle Reve, the DuBois family home, Blanche arrives in New Orleans at the Kowalski apartment and eventually reveals that she is completely destitute. Though she has strong sexual urges and has had many lovers, she puts on the airs of a woman who has never known indignity. She avoids reality, preferring to live in her own imagination. As the play progresses, Blanche’s instability grows along with her misfortune. Stanley sees through Blanche and finds out the details of her past, destroying her relationship with his friend Mitch. Stanley also destroys what’s left of Blanche by raping her and then having her committed to an insane asylum.
Term
A STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

STANLEY KOWALSKI
Definition
The husband of Stella. Stanley is the epitome of vital force. He is loyal to his friends, passionate to his wife, and heartlessly cruel to Blanche. With his Polish ancestry, he represents the new, heterogeneous America. He sees himself as a social leveler, and wishes to destroy Blanche’s social pretensions. Around thirty years of age, Stanley, who fought in World War II, now works as an auto-parts salesman. Practicality is his forte, and he has no patience for Blanche’s distortions of the truth. He lacks ideals and imagination. By the play’s end, he is a disturbing degenerate: he beats his wife and rapes his sister-in-law. Horrifyingly, he shows no remorse. Yet, Blanche is an outcast from society, while Stanley is the proud family man.
Term
A STRRETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

Mitch
Definition
Stanley’s army friend, coworker, and poker buddy, who courts Blanche until he finds out that she lied to him about her sordid past. Mitch, like Stanley, is around thirty years of age. Though he is clumsy, sweaty, and has unrefined interests like muscle building, Mitch is more sensitive and more gentlemanly than Stanley and his other friends, perhaps because he lives with his mother, who is slowly dying. Blanche and Mitch are an unlikely match: Mitch doesn’t fit the bill of the chivalric hero, the man Blanche dreams will come to rescue her. Nevertheless, they bond over their lost loves, and when the doctor takes Blanche away against her will, Mitch is the only person present besides Stella who despairs over the tragedy
Term
STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

Stella
Definition
Blanche’s younger sister, about twenty-five years old and of a mild disposition that visibly sets her apart from her more vulgar neighbors. Stella possesses the same timeworn aristocratic heritage as Blanche, but she jumped the sinking ship in her late teens and left Mississippi for New Orleans. There, Stella married lower-class Stanley, with whom she shares a robust sexual relationship. Stella’s union with Stanley is both animal and spiritual, violent but renewing. After Blanche’s arrival, Stella is torn between her sister and her husband. Eventually, she stands by Stanley, perhaps in part because she gives birth to his child near the play’s end. While she loves and pities Blanche, she cannot bring herself to believe Blanche’s accusations that Stanley dislikes Blanche, and she eventually dismisses Blanche’s claim that Stanley raped her. Stella’s denial of reality at the play’s end shows that she has more in common with her sister than she thinks.
Term
STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

Florespara los muertos
Definition
"flowers of the dead"

- represents Blanche's mental decline
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Peter
Definition
A classmate of Roark’s who lives only for fame and the approval of others. Keating is good-looking and commercially successful, but he steals his only original ideas from Roark. In order to rise to the top, Keating flatters, lies, steals, kills, and even trades his wife, Dominique, for the opportunity to work on a promising project. His fall is even more rapid than his rise. He realizes the error of his ways too late and lives the rest of his life in frightened misery.

*second hander
*
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Roark's Career
Definition
-After supporting himself through high school and college, Howard is expelled from the Architectural School of the Stanton Institute of Technology because of his strong and innovative style.
-In New York Howard’s first job is for Henry Cameron
-Howard is fired . . . then rehired by Henry Cameron because of a design for a country home – Cameron doesn’t want Howard to end up like him.
-Cameron leaves his failed business after working with Howard for 3 Years
-Howard goes to work for Francon&Heyer where his “friend” from Stanton – Peter Keating has been successfully working
-He is quickly fired by Guy Francon
-John Erik Snyte gives Roark a job at his firm where Howard is somewhat successful. This leads to Howard’s first commission from Austin Heller. Howard opens his own firm.
Term
THE FOUNTAINHEAD:

Roark's Career Continued
Definition
-After opening his firm, Roark designs a gas station, a store and a few residences. He turns down several projects and is turned down the board turns Roark down.
-After Roark’s firm plummets he acquires a job working on Francon’s Granite Quarry for three months.
-He designs the Enright House
-Roark reopens his office and hires several draftsmen to help him
-Roark continues to get work like the Norris House and the Cord building.
-He is hired to design the Stoddard Temple, while working on 3 other projects, he ends up detonating the temple rather than have it changed by Stoddard.
-Few people want to hire Howard after the Temple incident. He travels and does some work out of New York. He then designs a middle-class resort.
-After Heller writes a rave review: Roark becomes famous, moves his office to the top of his Cord Building,
-Roark agrees to be Gail Wynand’s architect for every building he may ever erect.
-He gets assigned the Wynand Building
-Howard Roark is a success!
Term
STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

Paper lantern
Definition
Throughout the play, Blanche avoids appearing in direct, bright light, especially in front of her suitor, Mitch. She also refuses to reveal her age, and it is clear that she avoids light in order to prevent him from seeing the reality of her fading beauty. In general, light also symbolizes the reality of Blanche’s past. She is haunted by the ghosts of what she has lost—her first love, her purpose in life, her dignity, and the genteel society (real or imagined) of her ancestors.
Blanche covers the exposed lightbulb in the Kowalski apartment with a Chinese paper lantern, and she refuses to go on dates with Mitch during the daytime or to well-lit locations.
Term
ROBERT FROST
Definition
Term
WALLACE STEVENS
Definition
Term
DORTHY PARKER
Definition
Term
TENDER IS THE NIGHT: PART 1
Definition
Rosemary Hoyt, a beautiful eighteen-year-old movie starlet, on vacation with her mother, arrives at a rather deserted portion of the French Riviera. There, Rosemary meets Dick Diver, a handsome American psychologist in his thirties with whom she instantly falls in love. Dick and his wife, Nicole, are exemplars of grace and sophistication, and move among a social set of similarly extraordinary people. Rosemary becomes part of this world, and in the gay times that follow, Dick begins to reciprocate Rosemary's feelings for him. Everything goes splendidly until, after an alcoholic friend of the Divers accidentally kills a man, Rosemary discovers Dick comforting Nicole, who has had a mental breakdown.
Term
TENDER IS THE NIGHT: PART 2
Definition
The story shifts back in time to relate the events that led up to the marriage of Dick and Nicole. Dick attended Yale, was a Rhodes scholar, and then moved to Vienna to study clinical psychology. Once, as Dick was leaving a clinic on the Zurichsee, he met the sixteen-year-old Nicole Warren, who was being checked in. The Chicago heiress had been sexually abused by her father and, as a result, had developed an acute fear of men. The two fall in love, and Dick becomes both her doctor and her husband. They travel extensively, are happy, and have two children together.
Term
TENDER IS THE NIGHT: PART 3
Definition
Partially on account of Nicole's relapse, the Divers decide to invest in a clinic in Switzerland. Things begin to unravel. Dick is accused of infidelity by a former patient, and Nicole, in anger, runs their car off the road. Dick learns his father has passed away and heads to America for the funeral. Upon his return, Dick meets Rosemary in a hotel, and the two consummate the aborted romance they had begun several years earlier. In the aftermath, Dick realizes his world is falling apart. He goes out carousing, gets beat up and imprisoned, and must be rescued by Nicole's sister, Baby Warren. As Dick continues to drink, he jeopardizes his position at the clinic and is asked to leave.
Term
TENDER IS THE NIGHT: PART 4
Definition
The Divers return to the Riviera, and Dick continues to drink and unravel, insulting old friends. Nicole has an affair with Tommy Barban and asks Dick for a divorce in order to marry Tommy. Dick readily agrees, realizing that Nicole's finally overcome her psychological condition. Dick then disappears to America, never settling down. The book ends, suggesting that he is still there.
Term
STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE:

Varsouviana
Definition
The Varsouviana is the polka tune to which Blanche and her young husband, Allen Grey, were dancing when she last saw him alive. Earlier that day, she had walked in on him in bed with an older male friend. The three of them then went out dancing together, pretending that nothing had happened. In the middle of the Varsouviana, Blanche turned to Allen and told him that he “disgusted” her. He ran away and shot himself in the head.
Term
BALD SOPRANO
Definition
The Smiths are a traditional family from London, who have invited another family, the Martins, over for a visit. They are joined later by the Smiths' maid, Mary, and the local fire chief, who is also a friend and possibly former lover of Mary's. The two families engage in meaningless banter, telling stories and relating nonsensical poems. As the fire chief turns to leave, he mentions "the bald soprano" in passing, which has a very unsettling effect on the others. Mrs Smith replies that "she always wears her hair in the same style."
Term
AMERICAN DREAM
Definition
Term
SANBOX
Definition
Term
BALLAD OF THE SAD CAFE
Definition
grotesque literature
=unnatural,bizarre,ugly,abnormal

characters are spiritually/physically deformed

Lymon-hunchback dwarf
Amelia-left handed,cross eyed,really tall for a woman

Amelia ---> Lymon ---> Marvin

Love VS. The Beloved
affects of loving a person you tend to improve when you love someone.
Term
MICHELANGELO'S SIGNED WORK
Definition
Term
OBJECTIVISM
Definition
Objectivism is a philosophy developed by Ayn Rand in the 20th century that encompasses positions on metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics.
Objectivism holds that there is mind-independent reality; that individual persons are in contact with this reality through sensory perception; that human beings gain objective knowledge from perception by measurement, and form valid concepts by measurement omission; that the proper moral purpose of one's life is the pursuit of one's own happiness or "rational self-interest"; that the only social system consistent with this morality is full respect for individual rights, embodied in pure, consensual laissez-faire capitalism; and that the role of art in human life is to transform abstract knowledge, by selective reproduction of reality, into a physical form—a work of art—that one can comprehend and respond to with the whole of one's consciousness
Term
EXISTENTIALISM
Definition
Existentialism generally postulates that the absence of a transcendent force (such as God) means that the individual is entirely free, and, therefore, ultimately responsible.

Atheistic religion
free will
individual creates reality
existence is above all else
search for one's self is your purpose
Term
JUDEO-CHRISTIAN
Definition
Term
THEATER OF THE ABSURD
Definition
Authors include: Eugene Ionesco,Samuel Beckett,Harold Pinter

-attempts to show absurdities and complexities of 20th century life
-defies traditional stage conventions of time, place, plot, and characterization
-shows human beings as irrational,solitary,incapable of understanding their condition
-uses absurd dialogue full of cliches and gibberish
-may disregard laws of nature
-no beginning and no end
Term
EXISTENCE PRECEDES ESSENCE
Definition
A philosophic concept based on the idea of existence without essence. For humanity, it means that humanity may exist, but humanity's existence does not mean anything at least at the beginning. This concept can be applied at the individual level as well. The value and meaning of this existence—or essence—is created only later. It directly and strongly rejects many traditional beliefs including religious beliefs that humankind is given a knowable purpose by its creator or other deity.
Term
ASSONANCE
Definition
Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in a phrase or line.
Term
CONSONANCE
Definition
a stylistic device, often used in poetry characterized by the repetition of two or more consonants using different vowels, for example, the "i" and "a" followed by the "tter" sound in "pitter patter." It repeats the consonant sounds but not vowel sounds.
Term
HYPERBOLE
Definition
Hyperbole is a figure of speech which is an exaggeration. Persons often use expressions such as "I nearly died laughing," "I was hopping mad," and "I tried a thousand times." Such statements are not literally true, but people make them to sound impressive or to emphasize something, such as a feeling, effort, or reaction.
Term
PERSONIFICATION
Definition
giving human traits (qualities, feelings, action, or characteristics) to non-living objects (things, colors, qualities, or ideas)
Term
IRONY
Definition
Irony is an implied discrepancy between what is said and what is meant.

Three kinds of irony:
1. verbal irony is when an author says one thing and means something else.
2. dramatic irony is when an audience perceives something that a character in the literature does not know.
3. irony of situation is a discrepency between the expected result and actual results.
Term
SIMILE
Definition
A simile is a comparison of two or more objects to draw attention to their similarities.

similes are typically marked by use of "like" or "as" o
Term
ALLITERATION
Definition
the repetition of initial sounds in neighboring words.
Term
PARODY
Definition
Is a work that imitates another work in order to ridicule, ironically comment on, or poke some affectionate fun at the work itself, the subject of the work, the author or fictional voice of the parody, or another subject
Term
SHAKESPEARE RHYME SCHEME
Definition
sonnets that are divided into three quatrains, each rhymed differently, with an independently rhymed couplet at the end.

The rhyme scheme of the English sonnet is abab, cdcd, efef, gg.
Term
SONNET
Definition
A lyric poem of fourteen lines, following one or another of several set rhyme-schemes.

abbaabba rhyme scheme
Term
PRUFROCK
Definition
"The Love Song"


*stresses impending death, getting older
*depressed and dismal wasteland

**time

*insignificance/significant
Term
CUBISM
Definition
CUBISTS = Gertrude Stein and Frank Lloyd Wright

Cubism was a 20th century art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music and literature.

Analytical
Synthetical
Term
ROBERT FROST
Definition
-Nothing Gold Can Say
-Fire and Ice
-Mending Wall
Term
WALLACE STEVENS
Definition
-Disillusionment of Ten O'clock
-The Emperor of Ice Cream
Term
DORTHY PARKER
Definition
-One Perfect Rose
-Unfortunate Coincidence
-Observation
-Resume
-News Items
-Seven: Comment
-The Searched Soul
Term
GERTRUDE STEIN
Definition
Cubist Writer = a style of painting or sculpture characterized by the portrayal of reality and natural forms through multiple planes.

THE PRINCIPLES BEHIND HER WORK:
-commonality
-essence
-value
-grounding the continuous present
-play
-transformation

-skips much punctuation, simple lists of words
Term
MICHELANGELO'S SIGNED WORK:
Definition
- the moses statue
- david
- sistine chapel
Term
BLUE PERIOD:
Definition
In Oct. 1990 he moved to PAris with his friend who took his own life while Picasso traveled to Spain.

the suicide of his friend began the Blue Period
his poverty contributed tot he melancholy blue and the sadness that gave his paintings their identity.

WORK INCLUDES:
- self portrait
- the death of casagemas
- two sisters
- the old guitarist
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