Term
| why do you not often find pure water in nature? |
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Definition
| it dissolves many substances |
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Term
| water that contains dissolved substances |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| are solutions homogeneous mixtures? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| are solutions stable or not stable? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the dissolving medium in a solution |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| dissolved particles in a solution |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what can solute particles be? |
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Definition
| atoms, ions, or molecules |
|
|
Term
| what is the average diameter of solute particles? |
|
Definition
| less than one nm (m to -9) |
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|
Term
| what becomes dispersed in the solvent? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what can solutes and solvents be? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| what will flow through a flter in a solution (solute dispersed in solvent) |
|
Definition
| both solvent and solute (because of the small diamter of solute particles) |
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|
Term
| substances with what types of bonds dissolve most readily in water? |
|
Definition
| ionic compounds and polar covalent bonded substances |
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|
Term
| molecules with what type of bond do not dissolve in water? |
|
Definition
| nonpolar covalent molecules |
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|
Term
| what are three examples of nonpolar compounds |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what breaks apart solute ions in a solid in the solvent water? |
|
Definition
| water molecules constantly in motion |
|
|
Term
| why are water molecules constantly in motion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens when individual solute ions break away in a water solvent? |
|
Definition
| the ions become surrounded by solvent molecules |
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Term
| a process that occurs when an ionic solute dissolves; in solution, solvent molecules surround the positive and negative ions |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what ions will attract to the hydrogen side of water molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what ions will attract to the O side of water molecules? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are some ionic compounds nearly insoluble? |
|
Definition
| the attraction between the solute ions is stronger than the attractions from the water molecules |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what will dissolve in a nonpolar covalent solvent? |
|
Definition
| a nonpolar covalent solute |
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|
Term
| a compound that conducts an electric current when it is in an aqueous solution or in the molten state; all ionic compounds are electrolytes, but most covalent compounds are not |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what do ions have to be in order to conduct electricity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are all ionic compounds electrolytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when does a non soluble ionic compound conduct electricity? |
|
Definition
| only in the molten state (not aqueous) |
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|
Term
| a compound that does not conduct an electric current in aqueous solution or in the molten state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are many molecular compounds nonelectrolytes? |
|
Definition
| the are not composed of ions |
|
|
Term
| what happens to some molecular compounds when in the aqueous state? |
|
Definition
| they ionize and become electrolytes |
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|
Term
| a solution in which a large portion of the solute exists as ions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are three types of strong electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| soluble salts, inorganic acids, and organic bases |
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|
Term
| a solution that conducts electricity poorly because only a fraction of the solute exists as ions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are three types of weak electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| ammonia, organic acids, organic bases |
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|
Term
| a compound that has a specific number of water molecules bound to each formula unit |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is in the middle of a hydrate equation instead of a + |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are the forces that hold water molecules in a hydrate strong? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is a hydrate efflorescent? |
|
Definition
| when it has a higher vapor pressure than the air |
|
|
Term
| what happens when a hydrate efflorsces? |
|
Definition
| it loses its wtaer of hydration (crystallization) |
|
|
Term
| what are hydrates that remove moisture from the air called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why do hygroscopic hydrates take moisture from the air? |
|
Definition
| they have low vapor pressures |
|
|
Term
| how can a salt be returned to its anhydrous state? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do you find percent H2O in a hydrate |
|
Definition
| mass of water (in mole mole hydrate)/ mass of one mole hydrate times 100 % |
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|
Term
| what are hygroscopic compounds that become wet when exposed to normally moist air called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens to deliquescent compounds when they remove lots of moisture from the air? |
|
Definition
| they dissolve completely and form solutions |
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