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Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body
Chapter 31
39
Biology
12th Grade
11/21/2011

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Term
Homeostasis 
Definition
Maintenance of a steady internal environment
Term
Negative Feedback System
Definition

Change in the environment causes the responses 

The return of the system to its original condition 

Up and down arrows

Term
Positive Feedback System
Definition

Change produces a response that intensifies the initial change 

Arrows go the same way 

Term
Hypothalamus
Definition
Part of the brain that controls many homeostatic responses
Term
Cells
Definition
The basic units of life
Term
Tissues
Definition
Composed of similar cells that perform a specific function
Term
Organs 
Definition
Structures that perform complex functions and include two or more interacting tissue types
Term
Organ System
Definition
Consists of 2 or more interacting organs functioning in coordinated way
Term
Histology
Definition
Study of Cells and tissue
Term
Glands
Definition
Cells or groups of cells specialized to secrete substances outside of cell 
Term
Epithelial Tissue 
Definition
sheets of cells firmly attached to one another by connections such as desmosomes and tight junctions 
Term
Exocrine Glands
Definition
Glands secrete substances onto the surface of the body through a duct
Term
Endocrine Glands
Definition
Glands lack ducts, release hormones into the extracellular fluid into the body 
Term
Squamous 
Definition

epithelial tissue 

flat

Term
Cuboidal
Definition

epithelial 

cube

Term
Columnar
Definition

Epithelial 

Column

Term
Simple Epithelium
Definition
One cell thick, lines most or all of the respiratory, urinary, reproductive, and circulatory systems 
Term
Stratified Epithelium
Definition

Found in the skin, inside the body

several cells thick 

Cells are continuously lost and replaced 

Term
Desmosome
Definition
fibrous proteins(keratin) that adhere cells together 
Term
Loose Connective Tissue
Definition
flexible tissue connects, supports and surrounds other tissue types 
Term
Dense Connective Tissue 
Definition
packed with collagen fibers that provides flexibility and strength 
Term
Tendon 
Definition
connects bones to muscles
Term
ligament
Definition
connects bone to bone
Term
cartilage
Definition
widely spaced cells, nonliving matrix composed of collagen secreted by cartilage cells
Term
chondrocyte
Definition
cartilage cells
Term
Bone Tissue
Definition
its matrix is hardened by deposits of calcium phosphate 
Term
Osteocyte
Definition
bone cell
Term
adipose tissue
Definition

made up of fat cells modified for long term energy storage 

serve as insulation 

cushioning 

Term
erythrocytes
Definition

red blood cells

transport oxygen

Term
leukocytes
Definition

white blood cells

fight infection 

Term
platelets
Definition
aid in blood clotting
Term
lymph
Definition
fluid leaked out of blood capillaries
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition

appears striated(striped) 

stimulated by the nervous system 

under voluntary(conscious) control 

Term
cardiac muscle
Definition

located in the heart

spontaneously active

striated 

Term
smooth muscle
Definition

not striated

embedded on the walls of the digestive, respitory tracts, uterus, bladder, larger blood vessels

produces slow

involuntary

Term
neurons
Definition

nerve cells

generate electrical signals

Term
glial cells
Definition

surround, support,insulate, protect neurons

"glue"

Term
epidermus
Definition
outer layer of the skin
Term
dermis 
Definition

sweat glands

oil glands

contains numerous blood vessels  

layer of loose connective tissue

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