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Holt earth science chapter 5 vocab
Vocab
17
Science
12th Grade
01/30/2013

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Term
Rock cycle
Definition
the series of processes in which rock forms, changes from on type to another, is destroyed, and forms again by geological processes.
Term
Bowen's reaction series
Definition
the simplified pattern that illustrates the order in which minerals crystallize from cooling magma according to their chemical composition and melting point.
Term
Igneous rock
Definition
rock that forms when magma cools and solidifies
Term
Intrusive igneous rick
Definition
rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma beneath Earth's surface
Term
Extrusive igneous rock
Definition
rock that forms from the cooling and solidification of lava at earth's surface
Term
Felsic
Definition
describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in feldspars and silica and that is generally light in color.
Term
Mafic
Definition
describes magma or igneous rock that is rich in magnesium and iron and that is generally dark in color.
Term
Compaction
Definition
the process in which that volume and porosity of a sediment is decreased by the weight of overlaying sediments as a result of burial beneath other sediments.
Term
Cementation
Definition
the process in which minerals precipitate into pore spaces between sediment grains and bind sediments together to form rock.
Term
Chemical sedimentary rock
Definition
sedimentary rock that forms when minerals precipitate from a solution or settle from a suspension.
Term
Organic sedimentary
Definition
sedimentary rock that forms from the remains of plants or animals.
Term
Clastic sedimentary rock
Definition
sedimentary rock that forms when fragments of preexisting rocks are compacted or cemented together.
Term
Metamorphism
Definition
the process in which one type of rock changes into metamorphic rock because of chemical processes or changes in temperature and pressure.
Term
Contact metamorphism
Definition
a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to contact with magma.
Term
Regional metamorphism
Definition
a change in the texture, structure, or chemical composition of a rock due to changes in temperature and pressure over a large area, generally as a result of tectonic forces.
Term
Foliation
Definition
the metamorphic rock texture in which grains are arranged in planes or bands.
Term
Nonfoliated
Definition
the metamorphic rock texture in which mineral grains are not arranged in planes or bands.
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