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| two or more people who are part of a relationship in which there is commitment, mutual aid and support, and often a shared residence |
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| a legally recognized economic and sexual relationship between two or more persons that includes mutual rights and obligations and is assumed to be permanent |
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| family into which a person is born |
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| family that a person forms at his or her marriage |
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| What is a descent pattern? |
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| The pattern of how lineage is organized, often has to do with whose name a child takes and inheritance rules |
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| adopted through legal means |
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| special ties of friendship or ritual (godparents) |
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| trace descent through both father's and mother's sides |
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| not a comprehensive genealogy, selectively acknowledges socially useful or prominent relatives, while omitting many others |
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| descent system in the United States |
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| bilineal descent with patrilineal naming |
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| patrilineal and matrilineal descent |
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Definition
| provide clear social boundaries for collective action or transmission of property along either father's family lines or mother's family lines |
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| father's line; typically in these societies, males are favored for inheritance, politics, and other social arenas |
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| mother's line; typically found in agrarian societies where women are primary producers and men are gone for long periods of time |
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| Are family patterns the same all over the world? |
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| parents and their children who live apart from other kin |
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| two or more closely related families who share a household and are economically and emotionally bound to others in the group |
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| a network of people whose social relationships are based on common ancestry, marriage, adoption, or affiliation |
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| a norm that forbids people from mating with and marrying "close kin" |
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| a norm that requires people to find marriage partners outside their own group or social category |
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| norms that require people to find mates within a specific group or social cetegory |
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| the marriage of two partners with sexual exclusivity |
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| a marriage pattern in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime, but only one at a time (think serial daters too) |
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| a form of marriage in which a person has multiple spouses |
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| exogamy is generally found in societies where |
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Definition
| there is a need to gain access to scarce goods or social and political networks beyond their immediate borders |
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| endogamy is generally found in societies where |
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Definition
| there is a need or desire to retain power, prestige, or property within groups and borders |
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| where is serial monogamy common? |
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Definition
| countries with high divorce rates |
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| two forms of historically rare, but not non-existent forms of marriage |
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| group marriages, same-sex marriages |
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| male elders dominate decision making and women have little control over their lives |
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| residence pattern in industrial societies |
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| starting a new residence after marriage |
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| selection of a mate with personal and social characteristics similar to one's own |
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| selection of a mate with social characteristics different than one's own |
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| where two people live together without legal marriage |
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| traditional nuclear family |
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Definition
| a breadwinner father with a homemaker mother and children |
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| a couple resides together and there are no children present in the household |
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| families in which one parent resides with and cares for one or more children |
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| families in which both husband and wife have full-time jobs |
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| families in which husbands and wives have both family and career |
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| a family in which at least one member of the adult couple is a stepparent |
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| no fault divorce requires |
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Definition
| no admission of wrong-doing, only mutual consent |
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| What are some some common legal grounds for divorce? |
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Definition
| adultery, desertion, cruelty, and in some places, failure to produce an heir |
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| no fault divorce requires |
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Definition
| no admission of wrong-doing, only mutual consent |
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| What are some some common legal grounds for divorce? |
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Definition
| adultery, desertion, cruelty, and in some places, failure to produce an heir |
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| What are the 6 functions of marriage according to the functionalist perspective? |
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Definition
1. defining and limiting who has sexual access to whom
2. reproducing new members, integrating them into the social order and replacing dying members
3. providing for the care and support of the young, inform, and elderly
4. socializing new members
5. providing people with ascribed statuses
6. providing people with emotional support, a sense of belonging, and fulfillment |
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Term
| What did Friedrich Engels have to say about the family? (hint: conflict perspective) |
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Definition
| He called it an instrument of power and and oppression by which men advance their interests and privileges at the expense of women and children |
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Term
| Within the Social Exchange perspective, what guides marriage negotiations and choices? |
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Definition
| norms of reciprocity (making sure both parties have an equal exchange of what they can offer in terms of resources) |
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Definition
| bride and groom exchange roughly similar traits |
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people exchange different traits that they believe are of equivalent value
ex: youth and beauty for wealth and status |
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| What were the four stages of marriage? |
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Definition
| preparental "newlywed", parental, post-parental "empty nest", retirement |
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| What is the marriage squeeze? |
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Definition
| when marriageable women outnumber marriageable men |
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Term
| what is associated with an oversupply of marriageable women? |
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Definition
| high singlehood and divorce rates |
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Term
| what is associated with an oversupply of marriageable men? |
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Definition
| high marriage rates and lower ages for first marriages |
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Term
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Definition
| spatial nearness that increases chance of interaction |
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| What 3 major forces do marriage patterns most reflect? |
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Definition
1. preferences of individuals
2. influence of social groups
3. constraints of the marriage market in which people seek a spouse |
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Term
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Definition
| selection of a mate with personal and social characteristics similar to one's own |
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| selection of a mate with personal and social characteristics dissimilar to our own |
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| number of divorces per 1000 people |
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| multigenerational families resulting from longer life expectancies |
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