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HOD 1100
Exam 1
72
Other
Undergraduate 1
02/13/2007

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Term
Cyberostracism
Definition
The exclusion of one or more individuals from a technologically mediated group interaction, ex computer-based discussion groups
Term
Collectives
Definition
create only temporary, superficial alliances among members- no buffering on loneliness
Term
Structured Groups
Definition
organized and integrated connections with other individuals, reduces social lonliness
Term
Intimate Groups
Definition
- promote the development of close intimate relations among members- reduces emotional loneliness
Term
Intimate Structured Groups
Definition
connect member in close organized relations- reduces both social and emotional loneliness
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
An evolutionary process that results in the survival and proliferation of organisms that have characteristics that enhance their survival and reproductive success in a particular environment
Term
Natural Selection
Definition
An evolutionary process that results in the survival and proliferation of organisms that have characteristics that enhance their survival and reproductive success in a particular environment
Term
Kin Selection
Definition
A form of natural selection that encourages the survival and proliferation of genes that contribute to the reproductive success of one’s relatives rather than one’s self
Term
Individualism
Definition
A tradition, ideology, or personal outlook that emphasizes the primacy of the individuals and his or her rights, independence, and relationships with other individuals
Term
Collectiveism
Definition
- A tradition, ideology or personal orientation that emphasizes the primacy of the group or community rather than each individual person
Term
Exchange relationship
Definition
An interpersonal association between individuals based on each person’s desire to increase the rewards they receive from others in the relationship
Term
Communal Relationship
Definition
- An interpersonal association between individuals who are more concerned with what their partner gets rather than what they themselves receive
Term
Equity Norm
Definition
- A social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources to members in proportion to their inputs
Term
Equality Norm
Definition
- A social standard that encourages distributing rewards and resources equally among all members
Term
Personal Idendity
Definition
The idea of "me" and self concept that derives from individualistic qualitites sch as traits beliefs and skills
Term
Social Idendity
Definition
The idea of “we” and self-concept that includes all those qualities based on relationships with other people, groups, and society
Term
Independent
Definition
Idiocentric
Term
Interdependent
Definition
Allocentric
Term
Optimal Distinctiveness Theory
Definition
- A conceptual analysis proposed by Marilyn Brewer that assumes individuals strive to maintain a balance between three basic needs- the need to be assimilated by the group, the need to be connected to friends and loved ones, and the need for autonomy and differentiation
Term
Social Idendity Theory
Definition
- A theoretical analysis of group processes and intergroup relations that assumes groups influence their members’ self-concepts and self-esteem, particularly when individuals categorize themselves as group members and identify with the group
Term
BIRGing
Definition
Basking in Reflected Glory- BIRGing, seeking direct of indirect association with prestigious or successful groups or individuals
Term
Corfing
Definition
Cutting off Reflected Failure- CORFing, distancing oneself from a group that performs poorly
Term
Collective Selfesteem
Definition
- A person’s overall assessment of that portion of their self-concept that is based on their relationships with others and membership in social groups
Term
In Group Out Group Bias
Definition
The tendency to view the ingroup, its members, and its products more positively than other groups, their members, and their products. Ingroup favoritism is more common than outgroup rejection
Term
Social Creativity
Definition
- Restricting comparisons between the ingroup and other groups to tasks and outcomes where the ingroup is more successful than other groups and avoiding areas in which other groups surpass the ingroup
Term
Introversion/Extroversion
Definition
The degree to which an individual tends to withdraw from or seeks out social contacts. Introverts are oriented primarily toward inner perceptions and judgments or concepts and ideas whereas extroverts are more oriented to social experiences.
Term
Relationality
Definition
The degree to which one adopts a set of values, attitudes, and outlooks that emphasize and facilitate establishing and maintaining connections to others.
Term
Social Motive
Definition
- a want or need that is satisfied through social interactions with other people, including the need for affiliation, intimacy, and power.
Term
Need for Affiliation
Definition
dispositional tendency to seek out others
Term
Need for Intimacy
Definition
Dispositional tendency to seek warm, positive relationships with others
Term
Need for Power
Definition
dispositional tendency to seek control over others
Term
Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation-
Definition
(FIRO) A theory of group formation and development proposed by William Schutz that emphasizes compatibility among three basic social motives: inclusion, control, and affection
Term
Social comparison
Definition
- Evaluating the accuracy of personal beliefs and attitudes by comparing oneself to others
Term
Downward social Comparison
Definition
Comparing oneself to others who are performing less effectively relative to others
Term
Upward social comparison
Definition
- Comparing oneself to others who are performing more efficiently relative to oneself
Term
Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
Definition
- (SEM model) A theory proposed by Abraham Tesser that assumes individuals maintain and enhance self esteem by associating with high achieving individuals who excel in areas that are not relevant to one’s own sense of self esteem and avoiding association with high achieving individuals who excel in areas that are important to one’s sense of self esteem
Term
Proximity Principle
Definition
the tendency for individuals to form interpersonal relations with those who are close by
Term
Elaboration Principle
Definition
The tendency for groups to expand as members form dyadic associations with someone who is not in the group and thereby drawn the nonmember into the group
Term
Similarity Principle
Definition
the tendency to affiliate with or be attracted to similar others- this causes groups and other interpersonal aggregates to be composed of individuals who are similar to one another
Term
Homophily-
Definition
- the tendency for group members to display certain affinities such as similarities in demographic background, attitudes, values, ect. The overall degree of similarity of individuals within the same group
Term
Complementary Principle
Definition
the tendency for group members to like people who are dissimilar to them in ways that complement their personal qualities
Term
originator Compatability
Definition
compatibility between group members that occurs when individuals who wish to express inclusion, control, or affection within the group are matched with individuals who wish to receive inclusion, control, or affection from others
Term
Reciprocity Principle
Definition
Tendency for liking to be met with liking in return
Term
Minimax Principle
Definition
the tendency to prefer relationships and group memberships that provide the maximum number of valued rewards and incur the fewest number of possible costs
Term
Comparison Level
Definition
- (CL) In Thibaut and Kelley’s social-exchange theory, the standard by which the individual evaluates the quality of any social relationship. In most cases individual whose prior relationships yielded positive rewards with few costs will have higher CL’s than those who experienced fewer rewards and more cost in prior relationships
Term
Comparison Level for Alternative
Definition
CLalt) In Thibaut and Kelley’s social-exchange theory, the standard by which individuals evaluate the quality of other groups that they may join
Term
Prescriptive Norm
Definition
- A consensual standard that identifies preferable, positively sanctioned behaviors
Term
Proscriptive Norm
Definition
- A consensual standard that identifies prohibited, negatively sanctioned behaviors
Term
Descriptive Norm
Definition
A consensual standard that describes how people typically act, feel, and think in a given situation
Term
Injunctive Norms
Definition
An evaluative consensual standard that describes how people should act, feel, and think in a given situation rather than how people do act, feel, and think in that situation
Term
Role Differenciation
Definition
An increase in the number of roles in a group, accompanied by the gradual decrease in the scope of these roles as each one becomes more narrowly defined and specialized
Term
Task Role
Definition
any position in a group occupied by a member who performs behaviors that promote completion of tasks and activities, such as initiating structure, providing task related feedback, and setting goals
Term
Initiator/Contributor
Definition
- Recommends novel ideas, new ways to approach the problem, or possible solutions not yet considered
Term
Information Seeker
Definition
Emphasizes getting the facts
Term
Opinion Seeker
Definition
asks more qualitative types of data, such as attitudes, values, and feelings
Term
Opinion Giver
Definition
Provides data for forming decisions, including facts that derive from expertise
Term
Elaborator
Definition
gives additional info about points made by others
Term
Coordinator
Definition
shows the relevance of each idea and its relationship to the overall problem
Term
Orienteer
Definition
Refocuses discussion on the topic whenever necessary
Term
Evaluator/Critic
Definition
Appraises the quality of the groups methods, logic, and results
Term
Energizer
Definition
Stimulates the group to continue working
Term
Procedural Technician
Definition
Cares for operational details
Term
Recorder
Definition
takes notes and maintains records
Term
Relationship Roles
Definition
any position in a group occupied by a member who performs behaviors that improve the nature and quality of interpersonal relations among members, such as showing concern for the feelings of others, reducing conflict, and enhancing feelings of satisfaction and trust in the group
Term
Encourager
Definition
rewards others through agreement, warmth, praise
Term
Harmonizer
Definition
mediates conflict among group members
Term
Compromiser
Definition
shifts his or her positions on an issue in order to reduce conflict in the group
Term
Gatekeeper
Definition
smoothes communication by setting up procedures and ensuring equal participation from members
Term
Standard Setter
Definition
expresses or calls for discussion of standards for evaluating the quality of group process
Term
Group Observer
Definition
points out the positive and negative aspects of the group dynamics and calls for change if necessary
Term
Follower
Definition
accepts the ideas offered by others and serves as an audience for the group
Term
Agressor
Definition
expresses disapproval of acts, ideas, and feelings of others, attacks the group
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