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| trait or characteristic with two ore more categories |
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| mutually exclusive categories |
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| each respondent to a survey will belong to one and ONLY one category |
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| variable must have a category for each respondent's opinion |
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| presumed cause; stimulus or input |
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| response or outcome; response or output |
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| Adults who were taking a course to learn English as a second language were asked to name their country of birth and their number of years of formal education. In this example, how many variables were being studied? |
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| 2 - place of birth and years of education |
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| A sample of adults was asked their level of agreement with this statement, "The Pres. of the US is doing a good job of handling foreign relations." They were permitted to respond with either 'strongly agree,' 'agree,' etc. How many variables were being studied? |
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| other names for categorical variables |
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| A researcher looked for the causes of social unrest by examining economic variables such as poverty, income, and so on. Is social unrest an independent or dependent variable? |
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| If a researcher administers a basic math test to middle school children to see if the basic math test scores predict grades in high school algebra, what is the criterion variable? |
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| Suppose a researcher asks participants to identify their age group using these categories: "under 21" "21-39" "40-55" and "56+" ... Are these exhaustive categories? |
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| yes - exhaustive because the categories cover everyone |
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| What is the min. number of categories a variable must have? |
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