Term
| Why a Community Perspective? |
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Definition
“For if society lacks the unity that derives from the fact that the relationships between its parts are exactly regulated, that unity resulting from the harmonious articulation of its various functions assured by effective discipline and if, in addition, society lacks the unity based upon the commitment of men's wills to a common objective, then it is no more than a pile of sand that the least jolt or the slightest puff will suffice to scatter”
…it is about connection and commitment…… |
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Term
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Definition
| Geopolitical community – characterized by geographic and jurisdictional boundaries, such as a city. |
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Definition
| communities with common interests and identity-sense of belonging |
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Term
| Phenomenological communities |
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Definition
| clubs, schools, gangs, religious groups, seniors’ organizations, businesses, support groups..connotes belonging |
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Term
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Definition
>Changes in community life/cohesion
>Rural depopulation
>Immigration
>Population movements within Canada-residential mobility
>Demographic changes- family composition, economics etc. |
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Term
| Factors that strengthen communities |
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Definition
>Active voluntary organizations
>Identity
>Community centres
>Common need or enemy
>Good transportation systems
>Balanced land-use plans |
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Term
| Factors that weaken communities |
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Definition
>Lack of a sense of collective history
>Stigma
>High mobility
>Fragmentation
>Lack of services
>Lack of local decision-making authority
>Lack of boundaries – “defensible space” |
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Term
| Why Community Assessment? |
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Definition
>Provide baseline information re health status of community residents
>Encourage collaboration with community members and stakeholders
>Focus public discussion on health issues and expectations of the health system
>Provide insight into basic causes and pathways of disease and ill health; provide population-based information
Influence evidence-informed decision making |
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Term
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Definition
| A systematic process of becoming acquainted with a particular community |
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Term
| Purpose of Community Assessment |
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Definition
| to identify factors (both positive and negative) that impinge on the health of people in order to develop develop strategies for community health promotion |
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Term
| Steps of Community Assessment |
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Definition
>Define community
>Establish purpose of the assessment
>Determine scope
>Gather data
>Analyze data
>Validate findings
>Identify community issues |
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Term
| Barriers to Community Assessment |
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Definition
>Physical boundaries do not match community
>Reluctance to report derogatory information
>Conflict among groups with vested interest in the community
>Insider vs. outsider point of view |
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Term
| Getting to Know the Community |
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Definition
[image]
>Select a community agency or key representative from the community
>Meet with formal community leaders
>Be present, visible, available in the community
>Engage people, be open and honest, build trust
>Communicate, keep people involved |
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Term
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Definition
Observation : walking or windshield survey
Key informant interviews
Focus groups
Surveys & questionnaires
Population data: vital statistics, census, population health surveys, community records, services, etc.
New Surveys
Historical information
Ask community members about other sources of data |
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Term
| Tips for doing a Community Assessment |
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Definition
Not a solo job
Connect with community leaders (formal and informal)
Engage with the community
Work in increments
Be physically available and visible
Communicate process and steps along the way |
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Term
| Windshield/Walking Survey 3 Elements of Assessment |
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Definition
Community core
Subsystems
Perceptions |
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Term
| Windshield/Walking Survey |
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Definition
In twos
Different days of week
Different times of day
Use senses |
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Term
Community assessment wheel – assesses subsystems of community
8 Subsystems: |
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Definition
Physical environment
Health and social services
Economy
Transportation and Safety
Politics and government
Communication
Education
Recreation |
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Term
| 6 competency domains of interprofessional work: |
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Definition
1) interprofessional communication
2) patient/client/family /community-centred care
3) role clarification
4) team functioning
5) collaborative leadership
6) interprofessional conflict resolution (and perhaps reconciliation-why would reconciliation be an important element) |
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Term
| What are the elements in each of these domains and what do they mean? |
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Definition
Interprofessional learning reflects a continuum of learning
Adoption of interprofessional competencies may require a shift in how learners, practitioners, educators and practice environments conceptualize collaboration |
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Term
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Definition
| are systematic observations made from a moving vehicle. Walking |
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Term
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Definition
| are systematic observations made on foot |
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Term
| interprofessional collaboration |
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Definition
| a partnership between a team of health providers & client groups in a participatory, collaborative & coordinated approach to shared decision-making around health & social issues |
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Term
| interprofessionl community goals |
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Definition
| Positive, dynamic, effective interprofessional working relationships toward collaborative client centered care |
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Term
| Interprofessional community offers: |
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Definition
| Offers critical reflection opportunities toward collaborative practice |
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Term
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Definition
Refers to capturing community-based initiatives such as community development, strategic planning and organizational development
Asset-Based
Internally Focused
Relationship Driven
Analyzing & building power within a community |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Identify the community’s needs and health related problems as well as the community’s strengths and resources.
Use a participatory approach which includes the community in the process of assessing their own community.
Collect, analyze and interpret data using a systematic approach |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Transcultural Nursing
Cultural Competency
Cultural Safety
Global Citizenship
Decolonization |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of viewing people through the lens of culture, defined narrowly as shared values, beliefs and practices, and often conflated with ethnicity |
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Term
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Definition
“us” vs “them”
According to Michel Foucault, othering is strongly connected with power and knowledge. When we “other” another group, we point out their perceived weaknesses to make ourselves look stronger or better.
Assumes dominant group is the ‘norm’
Implies a hierarchy - serves to keep power where it already lies.
Colonialism –example of the powers of othering. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Cultural awareness
Develop understanding that differences exist
2. Cultural sensitivity
self-exploration – learn about one’s own invisible baggage, i.e. attitudes, metaphors, beliefs, values
3. Cultural safety
Outcome – enables safe service to be defined by recipients of care |
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Definition
Practitioners:
Actions and interactions that affirm
Recognize, respect, nurture & acknowledge rights |
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Definition
Practitioners:
Diminish, demean, disempower |
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Term
| Implementation Principles |
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Definition
1Personal knowledge – Hone critical consciousness of one’s own location/power
2Partnerships – promote relational, collaborative practice; strengthen mutual capacity
3Process – mutual learning; negotiate goals and activities
4Positive Purpose – build on strengths
5Protocols – seek cultural knowledge; demonstrate reciprocity |
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Term
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Definition
Changing nature of diaspora (the dispersion of any people from their original homeland)
Extent and degree of connections has intensified due to changing technologies and reduced telecommunication and travel costs.
Retain identities, activities, and linked to communities outside the country |
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Term
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Definition
| Global citizenship empowers individual human beings to participate in decisions concerning their lives including the political, economic, social, cultural and environmental conditions in which they live…It is expressed through engagement in the various communities of which the individual is part, at the local, national and global level |
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Term
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Definition
Need to articulate postcolonial theory in nursing
Colonizing thinking and actions permeate the nursing profession
Racism in nursing – discrimination in hiring & promotion practices, in clinical practice, etc.
Need to develop a counter-narrative focused on structural determinants of health |
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Definition
| permanent internalization of the social order, dispositions |
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Term
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Definition
| [(habitus)(capital) + field] = practice |
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Term
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Definition
| resources (economic, cultural, social, symbolic), mobilized be agents in the field |
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Term
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Definition
| a positional context in which certain behaviours appear reasonable (e.g. field of music, field of nursing) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Identify the community’s needs and health related problems as well as the community’s strengths and resources.
Use a participatory approach which includes the community in the process of assessing their own community.
Collect, analyze and interpret data using a systematic approach |
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Term
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Definition
| a study undertaken by an organization to identify its internal strengths and weaknesses, as well as its external opportunities and threats. |
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Definition
(inputs, activities, outputs, outcomes & impacts)
Uses a change theory approach in developing a project or program strategy
According to the Kellogg Foundation “a logic model is "a systematic and visual way to present and share your understanding of the relationships among the resources you have to operate your program, the activities you plan, and the changes or results you hope to achieve.“ p. 21 Program Design A Practical Guide
Required by the United Way as part of most project funding requests |
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Term
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Definition
Uses adaptable multi level planning in project development
Frequently used in project planning related to health promotion initiatives such as substance use prevention, injury prevention or early intervention projects. Emphasizes active participation with the population and outcomes. Two key components include:
Initially included an “educational diagnosis” – PRECEDE with 4 phases, an acronym for Predisposing factors-social context, Reinforcing-supports and Enabling Constructs-resources, access, skills in Educational Diagnosis and Evaluation.
Added later…an “ecological diagnosis” - PROCEED, for Policy, Regulatory, and Organizational Constructs in Educational and Environmental Development |
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Term
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Definition
| is a cost–benefit evaluation framework proposed in 1974 by Lawrence W. Green that can help health program planners, policy makers and other evaluators, analyze situations and design health programs efficiently. |
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