Term
| What are the two types of HIV? |
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Definition
*HIV 1: more common in U.S. and Europe (about a 10 year average latency period). More virulent than HIV 2.
*HIV 2:More common in Africa and Asia (can be up to a 25 year average latency period). |
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Term
| With both types once an individual is infected is there a cure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did HIV virulence and the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the early 1980s among homosexual men result from? |
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Definition
*Extreme promiscuity (multiple partners)
*high-risk sexual behavior (anal sex) |
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Term
| How is HIV transmitted (sexually)? |
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Definition
1.Sexual contact:
*Promiscuity:multiple partners
*High risk practices:anal sex (highest for MSM)
*Female at higher risk than male from vaginal intercourse.
*Oral sex transmission has been documented.
*Concurrent STDs facilitates infection with HIV |
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Term
| What other ways is HIV transmitted? |
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Definition
2. Intravenous drug abuse
3. Veretical passage from infected mothers to offspring before, during or shortly after birth (breastfeeding).
-15-30% infected in absence of therapy.
4. Blood transfusion
5. Organ transplants |
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Term
| What tests are used to test donated blood from HIV? |
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Definition
| All blood tested with ELISA test, if positive then tested with the Western blot to confirm. |
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Term
| Is HIV transmission strong or poor? |
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Definition
Poor, an estimated <5% of exposed persons are at risk of infectio ncompared with measles virus, which infects >99% of those susceptible.
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Term
| How does the risk of transmission of HIV via sexual contact compare with other STDs? |
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Definition
| The risk of transmissino of HIV via sex is much lower than most other STDs, but the presence of a concurrent STD (particularly chancroid and syphilis) can facilitate HIV infection (3-5 fold). |
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Term
| Where is HIV found in people? |
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Definition
*Blood, semen (also pre-seminal fluids), breast milk, vaginal secretions, urine, and CSF of an infected person.
*It is also found in saliva and tears but is not easily trasmitted by these fluids because of low numbers of virus. |
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Term
| How many months is it from HIV infection to development of detectable antibodies? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is it from HIV infection to diagnosis of AIDS? |
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Definition
| <1 year to 17 years or longer |
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Term
| Without effective anti-HIV treatment, how many of infected adults with develop AIDS withing 10 years after infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| How long is the incubation period in infants? |
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Definition
| The incubation period is much shorter in infants than in adults, and 15-20% of children infected at birth die with 2-4 years. |
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Term
| What does HIV do to the body? |
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Definition
| It progressively damages the immune system, so the body can no longer fight off other infectious diseases. |
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Term
| What kind of cells does HIV infect and destroy? |
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Definition
| Helper T-lymphocytes. It does this by binding to the cells CD4 receptor molecule, permitting entrance to the cells with resultant viral replication and cell death. |
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Term
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Definition
| By reverse transcriptase. |
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Term
| Does the virus progress fast or slow? |
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Definition
| The virus progresses very slowly or remains latent for an indefinite time without host symptoms. |
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Term
| How do other infections takover? |
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Definition
| As more and more immune cells are destroyed, the body becomes less able to fight other infectious agents, especially opportunistic ones. |
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Term
| HIV infection facilitates the rapid progression of what disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute illness occurs in 50-90% of persons how many weeks after HIV infection? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the majority of the cases of acute HIV show as symptoms? |
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Definition
| mild fever and sore throat as the only symptoms. |
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Term
| How long does acute HIV or viral syndrome last for? |
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Definition
| 3-14 days and complete abatement of symptoms is typical. |
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Term
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Definition
-The time from exposure or infection to seroconversion.
-during this time HIV can be transmitted to another person. |
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Term
| During the window period for HIV are antibodies positive or negative? |
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Definition
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Term
| When do specific anti-HIV antibodies generally appear? |
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Definition
| 6-12 weeks after infection |
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Term
| What is a latency period? |
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Definition
The time from seroconversion to the time when AIDS symptoms are evident.
-during this time HIV can be transmitted to another person and is gradually destroying the immune system. |
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Term
| What is the only FDA approved test for HIV? |
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Definition
OraQuickRapid HIV-1/HIV-2 Antibody test.
-greater than 99% accuracy.
-Results in 20 minutes
-Positive results are considered preliminary and require a confirmatory test. |
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Term
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Definition
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
-The final manifestation of HIV infection that occurred many years previously.
-It is a constellation of clinical illnesses, primarily opportunistic infections and malignancies that are the consequence of the destruction of the immune system by HIV. |
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Term
| What are some AIDS related diseases? |
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Definition
-Carinii
-Kaposi's sarcoma
-Cytomegalovirus infection
-Extrapulmonary cryptococcosis
-Disseminated histoplasmosis
-Pulmonary aspergillosis
-Primary lymphoma of the brain
-Recurrent Salmonella infection |
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Term
| A cell count of______ indicates an initially damaged immune system. |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell count below________indicates a severely damaged immune system. |
|
Definition
below 200 or below 14%.
(indicates AIDS, if also positive to HIV1 or 2.) |
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Term
|
Definition
By a combination of therapies using 3 classes of medicines.
-treatment of HIV pregnant women prior to delivery is usually successful in preventing transmission to the child. |
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Term
| There are only 2 100% safe sexual practices: |
|
Definition
-Sexual abstinence
-Sex between two non-infected individuals in a monogomaous relationship. |
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Term
| Using a latex condom to prevent HIV is more than _____ times safer than not using a condom. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the CCR5-Delta 32 mutation? |
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Definition
| It's a gene that provides complete resistance to HIV in the homozygous state, and partial resistance in the heterozygous state. |
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Term
| Transmission of HIV is primarily homo or hetero? |
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Definition
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Term
| >__million infected since epidemic began? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where are the highest epidemic areas of HIV? |
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Definition
| Sub-saharan Arfica, South Africa and South EAst Asia. |
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Term
| In the US is HIV inc or dec among homosexual population? |
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Definition
| Increasing due to complacency resulting from availability of treatment drugs. |
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Term
| What must countries promote to control HIV/AIDS? |
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Definition
they must promote behavior change in conjunction with rapid diagnosis and treatment.
-They must also address social issues such as unemployment, rapid urbanization, migration and the status of women. |
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