Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HIV: pathophysiology of virus |
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Definition
Once inside the CD4 cell the virus sheds and uses RNA: reverse transcriptinase.
This is NOT a typical virus. |
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Term
HIV: fluids that contain it
[AA, BB, C, VS] |
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Definition
Anal/rectal mucus
Amniotic fluid
Blood
Breast milk
Cerebrospinal fluid
Vaginal and cervical secretions
Semen |
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Term
| HIV: Window period (definition) |
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Definition
| Time between the initial infection with HIV and development of positive antibody test. |
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Term
| HIV: Window period (time frame) |
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Definition
| 3-6 months to more than a year after the initial infection |
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Term
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Definition
| The process where antibodies are produced in response to viral proteins. Time during which the antibodies appear: now it shows up in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Eliza (EIA): enzyme immunoassay
Will show positive at the end of the window period |
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Term
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Definition
| Western Blot: confirms result of EIA |
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Term
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Definition
| Measure HIV RNA in the plasma: how much HIV is in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
The higher the better.
> 500 is best |
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Term
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Definition
| Virus is low or UNDETECTABLE |
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Term
| HIV: CD4 count that indicates AIDS |
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Definition
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Term
| HIV: What a POSITIVE test means |
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Definition
Antibodies to HIV are present.
The patient is infected with the virus.
Patient can transmit the virus. |
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Term
| HIV: What a NEGATIVE test means |
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Definition
Antibodies are NOT present in the blood.
Patient may still be infected, but the body hasn't yet produced antibodies. |
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Term
| HIV: Testing, patient education about a negative test |
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Definition
Patient should still take precautions.
Patient should return in 3 months to be retested. |
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Term
| HIV: Clinical manifestations |
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Definition
Fever (may be low-grade), sore throat, night sweats
Arthralgias, myalgias, fatigue
Headache
Rashes, skin dryness
Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
Involuntary weight loss
Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (2 or more extra-inguinal nodes for > 3 months) |
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Term
| HIV: Clinical manifestation that warrants further testing |
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Definition
| Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy (2 or more nodes) for > 3 months |
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Term
| AIDS: most common complication |
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Definition
| Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) |
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Term
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Definition
| Causes wasting syndrome and is indicative of a CD4 count of < 50. |
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Term
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Definition
Night sweats
Fever, chills
Weight loss
Diarrhea |
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Term
| AIDS: MAC (medicine to stimulate appetite) |
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Definition
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Term
| AIDS: respiratory diseases |
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Definition
PCP
MAC
TB
Candidiasis
Toxoplasmosis
Herpes simplex or Herpes zoster
Cytomegalovirus |
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Term
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Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS): most common HIV-related malignancy
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
Cervical cancer/dysplasia |
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Term
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Definition
Dementia/delirium
Seizures
HIV encephalopathy
Depression |
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Term
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Definition
ART/HAART
Combination of 3-4 antiretroviral drugs
Together they decrease the viral load |
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Term
| AIDS: HAART (patient education) |
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Definition
Compliance is huge
3-4 different meds, 3-4 X per day
$$$ |
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Term
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Definition
Begin use when CD4 < 500
Penetrate blood/brain barrier
Take 1/2 - 1 hour after meals |
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Term
AIDS: AZT
Monitor CBC for -
[AZT/BNP/CBC] |
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Definition
Bone marrow suppression
Neurotoxicity
Pancreatitis |
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Term
AIDS: protease inhibitors
Side effects |
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Definition
Increased cholesterol/triglycerides
*Lipitor
*Pravachol
Bone marrow suppression
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity |
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Term
AIDS: protease inhibitors
Be sure to: |
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Definition
| Increase fluid intake to > 1500 mL/day |
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Term
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Definition
TMP-SMZ (Bactrim, Septra)
IV/Oral |
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Term
AIDS: TMP-SMZ
Side effects- |
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Definition
RASH: pruritic, pinkish-red macules and papules
PHOTOSENSITIVITY: use sunscreen |
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Term
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Definition
Anti-protozoal
Alternative treatment for PCP
If given too rapidly: severe hypotension |
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Term
AIDS: pentamidine
Side effects |
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Definition
Pancreatic damage
Renal damage
Hepatic dysfunction
Neutropenia |
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Term
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Definition
Antifungal: cryptococcal meningitis
IV
Pre-medicate with acetaminophen as it may cause a fever spike. |
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Term
AIDS: amphotericin B
Side effects |
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Definition
Nephrotoxic
Hypokalemia
Hypomagnesemia |
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Term
HIV/AIDS
Patient education: ABCs |
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Definition
Abstinence
Be faithful
Condoms |
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Term
HIV/AIDS
Patient education: Condoms |
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Definition
| Water-based lubricants: if it isn't water-based it will deteriorate the condom. |
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Term
HIV/AIDS
Patient education: douching |
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Definition
Avoid! Breaks down normal flora.
Can cause thinning, open fissures: more risk. |
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Term
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Definition
| Washing hands after patient contact. Using gloves when touching blood, body fluids, secretions, excretions, and contaminated items. |
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