Term
| Approx how many people have died of AIDS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How many people died of AIDS in 2011 |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| US rate of HIV infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Of those affected with HIV in the US, how many are unaware
in Canada? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 populations most affected by HIV |
|
Definition
Men who have sex with men (61% of new HIV infections in 2009)
African Americans |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Exchange of body fluids
-sex
-blood
-perinatal
-transplant |
|
|
Term
| Which cells are most likely to be damaged by HIV |
|
Definition
| Immune cells, specifically CD4+ Helper T cells |
|
|
Term
Briefly describe the 10 stages of HIV life cycle
|
|
Definition
1. Virus binds to cell
2. Virus fuses and enters cell
3. Virus uncoats and releases enzymes
4. Reverse transcription produces viral DNA from viral RNA
5. HIV DNA integrated into cell DNA
6. Transcription to produce viral mRNA
7. Genome replication
8. HIV protein synthesis
9. Protein cleavage
10. Virus assembly and spread |
|
|
Term
| Name 3 enzymes vital to the life cycle of HIV |
|
Definition
Integrase
Protease
Reverse Transcriptase |
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|
Term
term for
number of HIV-1 RNA molecules per milliliter of plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Log units, so log 3 =1000 molecules per milliliter of plasma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1000 cells/mm^3 (600-1500)
or 32-68% of lymphocytes
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|
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Term
| CD4+ value that indicates increased risk of opportunistic pathogens |
|
Definition
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Term
| Typical time course for initial stage of HIV infection |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Typical time course for Chronic stage of HIV infection |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Typical time course for Crisis/Final stage of HIV/AIDS |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Average time course of HIV from infection to full blown AIDS/ death without treatment |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Findings in initial stage of HIV |
|
Definition
mild flu like symptoms that go away
Infection continues to spread in the body although illness goes away |
|
|
Term
| Findings in Chronic stage of HIV |
|
Definition
| Minor constitutional changes as viral load is increasing, still transmissable |
|
|
Term
| 'Constitutional' Findings in Crisis Stage of HIV |
|
Definition
Now termed AIDS
anorexia, weight loss
fatigue
fever
malaise
night sweats
diarrhea
lymphadenopathy |
|
|
Term
| CNS findings in crisis stage of HIV (AIDS) |
|
Definition
Dementia
progressive memory loss
depression
social withdrawal
seizures |
|
|
Term
| CDC case definition of AIDS involving CD4+ cells |
|
Definition
HIV+ plus
CD4+ <200 or <14% |
|
|
Term
| There are a few CDC case definitions of AIDS involving 3 non-opportunistic diseases, name them |
|
Definition
HIV+ plus
Pulmonary TB
Recurrent pneumonia
invasive cervical cancer |
|
|
Term
| Name 5 of the most common opportunistic infections included in definition of AIDS |
|
Definition
Kaposi's sarcoma
CMV
disseminated histoplasmosis
toxoplasmosis of brain
pneumocystic carinii pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestation of Cytomegalovirus in AIDs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestation of viral infection in AIDs (herpes,varicella) |
|
Definition
keratitis
retinitis
uveitis |
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in AIDs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestation of Fungal infections in AIDs (like histo and candida) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ocular manifestation of Protozoal infections in AIDs (like toxo) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do Rapid HIV tests look for? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the only Rapid HIV test that uses Oral fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which is the fastest Rapid HIV test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specimen does Reveal G-3 Rapid HIV test use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test is most sensitive for HIV-1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test is used to confirm positive results from rapid tests or EIA? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
Which of these is NOT a common indication for when to start ART
HIV nephropathy
CD4+<200
CD4+ <350
Active TB |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of these is NOT a common indication for when to start ART
Hep B co-infection
Pregnancy
Cancer
AIDS defining illness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 indications for when ART is 'recommended' |
|
Definition
>50 yo
CD4+ 350-500 cells/mm^3 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Suppression of viral load (decrease transmission)
Restore/preserve immune system
improve quality of life
Reduce morbidity/mortality |
|
|
Term
| 4 categories of approved HIV medications |
|
Definition
Entry inhibitors
Nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (nukes)
Non-nucleoside/tide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (non nukes)
Integrase inhibitors (INSTIs)
Protease inhibitors (PIs) |
|
|
Term
| Mechanism of Entry inhibitors |
|
Definition
| Prevent HIV from binding to CD4+ cells, thus preventing them from entering the cell. |
|
|
Term
| Contrast nukes and non-nukes |
|
Definition
Nukes cause production of faulty materials to build proviral DNA, causing termination of the DNA chain
Non-nukes prevent RT from convertng RNA to DNA correctly -no building blocks
|
|
|
Term
| Which drug category blocks the enzyme that allows insertion of viral DNA into human DNA, subsequently preventing replication of the virus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which HIV drug category is associated with Steven's Johnson Syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which HIV drug category prevents the cutting of the DNA strand, preventing the production of new infectious copies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-2 nukes & 1 non nuke
-2 nukes & 1 PI
-2 nukes & 1 INSTI |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Expensive
complicated
Increased drug SE
viral mutations decrease effectivity |
|
|
Term
| Advantage of combo meds in HIV tx over other regimens |
|
Definition
| Decreased complexity of treatment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIV drug
1 non nuke, 2 nukes
1 tablet qd
First line tx in tx naive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIV drug
2 nukes
1 INSTI
1 booster
new drug, 1 tablet qd
first line tx in tx naive |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
HIV med
2 nukes
1 tablet qd
not a sole med
Prophylactic |
|
|
Term
| Compare mutation rate between retroviri and DNA replicating cells |
|
Definition
| Retroviri replicates 1 million times more easily than DNA replicating cells |
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